Abstract: N,N-Dialkylpolyhydroxyalkylamines may be made by the reductive alkylation of an N-alkylpolyhydroxyalkylamine with an aldehyde or ketone, or with an equivalent compound, in the presence of a transition metal catalyst and hydrogen. The reaction is performed in a reaction solvent that contains at least 30 wt % of an organic solvent. The use of a sufficiently high proportion of an appropriate organic solvent in the reaction mixture reduces the amount of water present in the reaction mixture, and provides rapid reaction rates and high yields of the desired product. The N,N-dialkylpolyhydroxyalkylamines may be used in a wide variety of applications.

Abstract: Certain substituted amines, alkylenediamines or polyamines, and derivatives of these, are suitable for use in preventing, inhibiting, or otherwise modifying crystalline gas hydrate formation. These inhibitors include compounds from any of the following groups. The substituents R1-R5 may be hydrocarbyl groups or, in some cases, polyhydroxyalkyl groups or (CH2)p—COO? in which p is either 1 or 2.

Abstract: This invention provides water-based compositions, particularly coating, ink, fountain solution, adhesive, agricultural and electronics cleaning compositions, manifesting reduced equilibrium surface tension by the incorporation of a surface tension reducing amount of an N-alkylimide of tartaric acid and/or an N-alkylimide of malic acid of the following structures, respectively: 1

Abstract: This invention provides water-based compositions, particularly coating, ink, fountain solution, adhesive, agricultural and electronics cleaning compositions, manifesting reduced equilibrium surface tension by the incorporation of a surface tension reducing amount of an N-alkylimide of tartaric acid and/or an N-alkylimide of malic acid of the following structures, respectively: where R1 is a C5 to C10 alkyl group.

Abstract: This invention provides water-based compositions, particularly coating, ink, fountain solution, adhesive, agricultural and electronics cleaning compositions, manifesting reduced equilibrium surface tension by the incorporation of a surface tension reducing amount of an N,N′-dialkylamide of malic acid of the following structure: where R1 and R2 are C4 to C10 alkyl groups, preferably at least one of R1 and R2 being a branched C4 to C10 alkyl group.

Abstract: This invention provides water-based compositions, particularly coating, ink, fountain solution, adhesive, agricultural and electronics cleaning compositions, manifesting reduced equilibrium surface tension by the incorporation of a surface tension reducing amount of an N,N′-dialkylamide of tartaric acid of the following structure: where R1 and R2 are C4 to C8 alkyl groups with at least one of R1 and R2 being a branched C4 to C8 alkyl group.

Abstract: This invention provides water-based compositions which are essentially free of hydrocarbon solvents, particularly coating, ink, fountain solution, adhesive, agricultural and electronics cleaning compositions, manifesting reduced equilibrium and dynamic surface tension by the incorporation of a surface tension reducing amount of certain tri-alkylamides of citric acid of the structure where R1, R2 and R3 are independently C1 to C18 alkyl groups.

Abstract: This invention provides water-based compositions which are essentially free of hydrocarbon solvents, particularly coating, ink, fountain solution, adhesive, agricultural and electronics cleaning compositions, manifesting reduced equilibrium and dynamic surface tension by the incorporation of a surface tension reducing amount of certain tri-alkylamides of citric acid of the structure 1

Abstract: This invention provides water-based compositions which are essentially free of hydrocarbon solvents, particularly coating, ink, fountain solution, adhesive, agricultural and electronics cleaning compositions, manifesting reduced equilibrium and dynamic surface tension by the incorporation of a surface tension reducing amount of certain tri-alkylamides of citric acid of the structure where R1, R2 and R3 are independently C1 to C18 alkyl groups.

Abstract: A method for making flexible polyurethane foam in which a polyisocyanate is reacted with a polyol in the presence of a urethane catalyst, a blowing agent, optionally a silicone surfactant cell stabilizer, and a cell opening additive. The cell opening additive comprises an active methylene or methine compound which also contains a tertiary amine. Preferred cell opening additives are 2-cyano-N-[3-(dimethylamino)-propyl]acetamide and (NC)CH2C(O)OCH2CH2N(CH3)CH2CH2OCH2CH2N(CH3)2.

Abstract: A method for preparing a flexible polyurethane foam by reacting an organic polyisocyanate with a polyol in the presence of urethane catalyst, water as a blowing agent, optionally a silicone surfactant, and a cell opener characterized in that the cell opener comprises an active methylene- or methine-group containing compound.

Abstract: An improved method of preparing polyurethane foam by reacting an organic polyisocyanate with a polyol in the presence of water and a combination of a gelling catalyst and a blowing catalyst, in which the blowing catalyst is a compound represented by the following formulae:?M(L.sup.1)(L.sup.2)(L.sup.3)(L.sup.4)!.sub.n?M(L.sup.1)(L.sup.2)(L.sup.3)!.sub.n?M(L.sup.1)(L.sup.2)!.sub.n?M(L.sup.1)!.sub.nwherein M is titanium, zirconium, or hafnium; n ranges from 1 to 20; and each of L.sup.1, L.sup.2, L.sup.3, and L.sup.