Abstract: A method of determining operating factors of a second vehicle based on sensor data received relating to a plurality of journeys taken in a first vehicle can include: receiving sensor data relating to a plurality of journeys of the first vehicle; determining a predicted energy consumption of a second vehicle for each of a plurality of journeys undertaken by the first vehicle using the received sensor data; determining a predicted routine energy consumption profile of the second vehicle from the predicted energy consumption for each of the plurality of journeys; and generating an output for displaying the one or more operating factors indicative of a charging requirement for the second vehicle to a user, wherein the output is based on the predicted routine energy consumption profile.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining a predicted energy usage of a vehicle can include an input configured to receive sensor data associated with a plurality locations of a first vehicle. The apparatus can also include processing means configured to determine a predicted energy usage of a second vehicle based on the received sensor data, a force balance model, and at least one predetermined parameter of the second vehicle.