Abstract: A film includes a fluorine-free material and has a peel strength (kPa) from a fixed resin of (A) at 25° C. and (B) at 200° C. satisfying that (A) is 0 kPa or more and 20 kPa or less and (B?A) is 10 kPa or less.

Abstract: A lubricant composition fed to an intermediate transfer belt in an intermediate transfer-type electrophotographic image forming method includes solid lubricant particles that are inorganic compound particles having an average size of 120 nm or less and a binder disposed on surfaces of the solid lubricant particles. The content of the binder is 0.01% by mass or more and 20.00% by mass or less of the amount of the lubricant composition.

Abstract: A film contains a resin, and particles of a siloxane compound having a structure represented by Formula: [RSiO1.5] n (in the formula, R represents an organic group and n represents an integer of 2 or more), where at least one R in the formula is a group including an alkyl group, in which in a spatial distribution of the particles present in an evaluation region of 63 ?m×42 ?m, an integrated value of a statistical quantity L(r) represented by Equation (1) in an interparticle distance r of 0.05 ?m or more and 5.00 ?m or less is 0 or more and 1.6 or less. L ? ( r ) := K ? ( r ) / ? - r ( 1 ) In Equation (1), r represents the interparticle distance, and K(r) represents a Ripley's K function K(r) represented by Equation (2).

Abstract: A film contains a siloxane compound having an alkyl group and a resin having a density of 1.1 g/cm3 or higher and a glass transition temperature of 150° C. or higher.

Abstract: A transfer device includes an intermediate transfer belt having a surface to which a toner image may be transferred and solid lubricant particles are attached, a primary transfer member performing primary transfer of a toner image to the surface of the intermediate transfer belt, a secondary transfer member performing secondary transfer of the toner image to a surface of a recording medium, and a detection device detecting a density of the toner image and has a light irradiation unit irradiating the surface of the intermediate transfer belt and a light receiving unit receiving reflected light, in which a relationship between a volume-average particle size A (nm) of the solid lubricant particles attached to the surface of the intermediate transfer belt and a wavelength B (nm) of the light radiated from the light irradiation unit satisfies the following Expression: Expression 1:B>A×8.6+300.

Abstract: A film contains a resin and a siloxane compound having a structure A represented by Formula: [RSiO1.5]n (provided that in the formula, R represents an organic group and n represents an integer of 2 or more), where at least one R among plural R's in the structure A is a group including an alkyl group and a difference in solubility parameter (SP value) between the resin and the structure A is 3.0 or less in terms of an absolute value, and surface free energy is 40 mJ/m2 or less.

Abstract: A film contains a siloxane compound having a structure A of Formula: [RSiO1.5]n (provided that in the formula, R represents an organic group and n represents an integer of 2 or more), where at least one R in the structure A has a group including an alkyl group, in which a surface free energy is 40 mJ/m2 or less.

Abstract: A transfer device includes an intermediate transfer member consisting of an endless belt which consists of a layer containing a resin including at least one resin selected from the group consisting of a polyimide resin, a polyamide-imide resin, an aromatic polyether ether ketone resin, a polyphenylene sulfide resin, and a polyetherimide resin, conductive carbon particles, a silicone oil containing at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of dimethylpolysiloxane and organic group-substituted dimethylpolysiloxane or has the layer as an outermost layer, and in which an integral value of a statistical quantity L(r) represented by the following Equation (1) is 0 or more and 0.1 or less at an interparticle distance r of 0.05 ?m or more and 0.30 ?m or less in a spatial distribution of the conductive carbon particles existing in a 6.3 ?m×4.

Abstract: A film contains a siloxane compound having an alkyl group and a resin having a density of 1.1 g/cm3 or higher and a glass transition temperature of 150° C. or higher.

Abstract: A transfer device includes an intermediate transfer belt that has a surface to which a toner image is to be transferred and solid lubricant particles are attached, a primary transfer device that has a primary transfer member performing primary transfer of a toner image formed on a surface of an image holder to the surface of the intermediate transfer belt, a secondary transfer device that has a secondary transfer member which is arranged in contact with the surface of the intermediate transfer belt and performs secondary transfer of the toner image transferred to the surface of the intermediate transfer belt to a surface of a recording medium, and a detection device that detects a density of the toner image transferred to the surface of the intermediate transfer belt and has a light irradiation unit irradiating the surface of the intermediate transfer belt with light and a light receiving unit receiving reflected light generated in a case where the light radiated from the light irradiation unit is reflected f

Abstract: An intermediate transfer belt has metal oxide particles as a solid lubricant on a surface of the intermediate transfer belt, in which an average spacing between the metal oxide particles on the surface is 1,000 nm or less, and an average height of the metal oxide particles from the surface is 15 nm or more and 320 nm or less.

Abstract: An endless belt includes a resin and conductive particles, in which a content of the conductive particles with respect to the endless belt is 5% by volume or more and 20% by volume or less in terms of a volume ratio, a Young's modulus of the endless belt is 3,000 MPa or more, and the number of times of bending endurance of the endless belt measured by an MIT test specified in JIS P8115:2001 is 10,000 or more.

Abstract: An intermediate transfer belt has metal oxide particles as a solid lubricant on a surface of the intermediate transfer belt, in which an average spacing between the metal oxide particles on the surface is 1,000 nm or less, and an average height of the metal oxide particles from the surface is 15 nm or more and 320 nm or less.

Abstract: An endless belt includes a resin and conductive particles, in which a content of the conductive particles with respect to the endless belt is 5% by volume or more and 20% by volume or less in terms of a volume ratio, a Young's modulus of the endless belt is 3,000 MPa or more, and the number of times of bending endurance of the endless belt measured by an MIT test specified in JIS P8115:2001 is 10,000 or more.

Abstract: An endless belt, in which an outer peripheral surface of the endless belt has a coefficient of dynamic friction of 0.85 or less, and in a case where polyester resin particles having a volume-average particle size of 4.7 ?m are caused to adhere to the outer peripheral surface under a load of 0 g/cm2, and then air is sprayed on the outer peripheral surface from above the outer peripheral surface at a spray pressure that keeps increasing, all the polyester resin particles having adhered to the outer peripheral surface are spaced apart from the outer peripheral surface at the spray pressure of 6 kPa or less.

Abstract: An inorganic compound particle supply member includes inorganic compound particles, and the Young's modulus of the inorganic compound particle supply member is lower than the Young's modulus of a supply object to be supplied with the inorganic compound particles.

Abstract: An endless belt includes a resin, and particles having an average primary particle diameter of 8 nm or more and 20 nm or less. In a volume frequency distribution of the particles determined by small-angle X-ray scattering measurement, the ratio (area B/area A) of graph area B of a particle diameter region of over 35 nm to graph area A of a particle diameter region of 35 nm or less is 0.3 or less.

Abstract: An intermediate transfer belt includes a single-layer body including a resin layer or a multilayer body including the resin layer serving as a top surface layer. The surface of the resin layer has an arithmetic average surface height Sa of 0.005 ?m or more and 0.020 ?m or less. The surface of the resin layer has a maximum height Sz of 0.050 ?m or more and 0.200 ?m or less. The surface of the resin layer has recesses having a depth of 0.050 ?m or more, the recesses being arranged at a regular interval, and the interval of the recesses is 0.20 ?m or more and 0.80 ?m or less.

Abstract: An inorganic compound particle supply member includes inorganic compound particles, and the Young’s modulus of the inorganic compound particle supply member is lower than the Young’s modulus of a supply object to be supplied with the inorganic compound particles.

Abstract: An endless belt includes a resin, and particles having an average primary particle diameter of 8 nm or more and 20 nm or less. In a volume frequency distribution of the particles determined by small-angle X-ray scattering measurement, the ratio (area B/area A) of graph area B of a particle diameter region of over 35 nm to graph area A of a particle diameter region of 35 nm or less is 0.3 or less.