Abstract: An intermediate transfer belt has metal oxide particles as a solid lubricant on a surface of the intermediate transfer belt, in which an average spacing between the metal oxide particles on the surface is 1,000 nm or less, and an average height of the metal oxide particles from the surface is 15 nm or more and 320 nm or less.

Abstract: An endless belt, in which an outer peripheral surface of the endless belt has a coefficient of dynamic friction of 0.85 or less, and in a case where polyester resin particles having a volume-average particle size of 4.7 ?m are caused to adhere to the outer peripheral surface under a load of 0 g/cm2, and then air is sprayed on the outer peripheral surface from above the outer peripheral surface at a spray pressure that keeps increasing, all the polyester resin particles having adhered to the outer peripheral surface are spaced apart from the outer peripheral surface at the spray pressure of 6 kPa or less.

Abstract: An endless belt includes a resin and conductive particles, in which a content of the conductive particles with respect to the endless belt is 5% by volume or more and 20% by volume or less in terms of a volume ratio, a Young's modulus of the endless belt is 3,000 MPa or more, and the number of times of bending endurance of the endless belt measured by an MIT test specified in JIS P8115:2001 is 10,000 or more.

Abstract: An inorganic compound particle supply member includes inorganic compound particles, and the Young's modulus of the inorganic compound particle supply member is lower than the Young's modulus of a supply object to be supplied with the inorganic compound particles.

Abstract: An endless belt includes a resin, and particles having an average primary particle diameter of 8 nm or more and 20 nm or less. In a volume frequency distribution of the particles determined by small-angle X-ray scattering measurement, the ratio (area B/area A) of graph area B of a particle diameter region of over 35 nm to graph area A of a particle diameter region of 35 nm or less is 0.3 or less.

Abstract: An intermediate transfer belt includes a single-layer body including a resin layer or a multilayer body including the resin layer serving as a top surface layer. The surface of the resin layer has an arithmetic average surface height Sa of 0.005 ?m or more and 0.020 ?m or less. The surface of the resin layer has a maximum height Sz of 0.050 ?m or more and 0.200 ?m or less. The surface of the resin layer has recesses having a depth of 0.050 ?m or more, the recesses being arranged at a regular interval, and the interval of the recesses is 0.20 ?m or more and 0.80 ?m or less.

Abstract: An inorganic compound particle supply member includes inorganic compound particles, and the Young’s modulus of the inorganic compound particle supply member is lower than the Young’s modulus of a supply object to be supplied with the inorganic compound particles.

Abstract: An endless belt includes a resin, and particles having an average primary particle diameter of 8 nm or more and 20 nm or less. In a volume frequency distribution of the particles determined by small-angle X-ray scattering measurement, the ratio (area B/area A) of graph area B of a particle diameter region of over 35 nm to graph area A of a particle diameter region of 35 nm or less is 0.3 or less.

Abstract: An intermediate transfer belt includes a single-layer body including a resin layer or a multilayer body including the resin layer serving as a top surface layer. The surface of the resin layer has an arithmetic average surface height Sa of 0.005 ?m or more and 0.020 ?m or less. The surface of the resin layer has a maximum height Sz of 0.050 ?m or more and 0.200 ?m or less. The surface of the resin layer has recesses having a depth of 0.050 ?m or more, the recesses being arranged at a regular interval, and the interval of the recesses is 0.20 ?m or more and 0.80 ?m or less.

Abstract: An intermediate transfer belt includes, on an outer peripheral surface, a coating body of a solid lubricant selected from an organic layered compound or an organic-inorganic composite layered compound.