Abstract: The identity of the polymorphic nucleotide in a target sequence having at least two known variants can be easily and efficiently detected by hybridizing at least one primer upstream of the biallelic marker and performing extension reactions using the target DNA with the hybridized primer, where a first reaction is conducted in the absence of a deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate or ribonucleoside triphosphate complementary to the first known variant, and a second reaction is conducted in absence of a deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate or ribonucleoside triphosphate complementary to the second known variant. Determining the lengths of the primers and any extension products from both reactions will indicate which variant or variants are present in a DNA sample.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrophoresis apparatus having a filling/refilling system and methods of using the same. The electrophoresis apparatus comprises a first buffer chamber comprising a solid portion, at least one inlet channel in said solid portion, and at least one outlet channel in said solid portion, wherein said at least one inlet channel is in fluid communication with at least one inlet port, said at least one outlet channel is in fluid communication with at least one outlet port and said at least one inlet channel is in fluid communication with said at least one outlet channel. The electrophoresis apparatus also comprises a plurality of capillaries having first ends, second ends, and intermediate portions disposed between said first ends and said second ends, wherein said first ends extend into said first buffer chamber and are in fluid communication with said at least one inlet channel and said at least one outlet channel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrophoresis apparatus having a plurality of capillaries arranged in a plane such that a curving contour is formed by the intersection points of each of the capillaries with the plane. The apparatus may be used to determine the sequence of nucleic acids. The present invention also relates to methods of using the electrophoresis apparatus and methods of making the electrophoresis apparatus.