Abstract: A copolymer obtainable by free-radical copolymerization of (i) monomer units of the structure M1 in which the variables are each hydrogen, alkyl groups, carboxyl groups or carboxyl derivative moieties, and (ii) monomer units of the structure M2 in which R5 is the radical of a carboxylic ester of the formula -A-CO—O—R10 where A is an alkylene group and R10 is a hydrocarbyl radical, and in which R6, R7 and R8 are each hydrogen or alkyl radicals, and subsequent polymer-analogous reaction of the product formed with a long-chain hydrocarbyl alcohol. This copolymer is suitable for improving the cold flow properties of middle distillate fuels, especially those which consist of or comprise biofuel oils.

Abstract: A copolymer with high chemical homogeneity, consisting of (A) 50 to 30% by weight of ethylene, (B) 50 to 70% by weight of C4- to C24-hydrocarbyl ester of (meth)acrylic acid, (C) 0 to 5% by weight of (meth)acrylic acid and (D) 0 to 10% by weight of copolymerizable monomers, obtainable by polymerizing a mixture of 80 to 60% by weight of ethylene, 20 to 40% by weight of (meth)acrylic acid and 0 to 10% by weight of copolymerizable monomers in a backmixing, continuous polymerization apparatus, and subsequently polymer-analogously esterifying the resulting copolymer with C4- to C24-hydrocarbinols. The inventive copolymer is suitable for improving the cold flow properties of fuel oils, for lowering the lower mixing temperature of cold flow improver additives into fuel oils, and for improving the filterability of fuel oils comprising cold flow improver additives.

Abstract: A terpolymer formed from (A) ethylene, (B) (i) C2- to C14-alkenyl esters of one or more aliphatic C1- to C20-monocarboxylic acids or (ii) C1- to C24-alkyl esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid and (C) olefinically unsaturated hydrocarbons selected from (iii) five- to seven-membered cycloalkenes and (iv) ?-olefins having 6 to 20 carbon atoms. The terpolymer mentioned is suitable as a cold flow improver in middle distillate fuels. It lowers the lower mixing temperature of cold flow improver additives into middle distillate fuels and improves the filterability of middle distillate fuels comprising cold flow improver additives.

Abstract: Polyisobutenylphenol-containing Mannich adducts are prepared by a) alkylation of a phenol with highly reactive polyisobutene at below about 50° C. in the presence of an alkylation catalyst; b) reaction of the reaction product from a) with formaldehyde, an oligomer or a polymer of formaldehyde and at least one amine which has at least one secondary amino function and no primary amino function, or c) reaction of the reaction product from a) with at least one adduct of at least one amine which has at least one secondary or primary amino function and formaldehyde, an oligomer of formaldehyde, a polymer of formaldehyde or a formaldehyde equivalent, and are used as detergent additives in fuel and lubricant compositions, and additive concentrates, fuel compositions and lubricant compositions contain these Mannich adducts.

Abstract: Polyisobutenylphenol-containing Mannich adducts are prepared by a) alkylation of a phenol with highly reactive polyisobutene having a number average molecular weight of less than 1000 and a polydispersity of less than 3.0, at below about 50° C. in the presence of an alkylation catalyst; b) reaction of the reaction product from a) with b1) an aldehyde chosen from formaldehyde, an oligomer and a polymer of formaldehyde and b2) at least one amine which has at least one primary or one secondary amino function and are used as detergent additives in fuel and lubricant compositions, and additive concentrates, fuel compositions and lubricant compositions contain these Mannich adducts.

Abstract: The use is described of polymers which contain, in copolymerized form, an ?-olefin, a vinyl ester and an ester of an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid as an additive for fuel oils and lubricants and in particular as a cold flow improver in fuel oils. In addition, the fuel oils and lubricants additized with these polymers; and also additive packages comprising such polymers are described.

Abstract: The use is described of polymers which contain, in copolymerized form, an ?-olefin, a vinyl ester and an ester of an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid as an additive for fuel oils and lubricants and in particular as a cold flow improver in fuel oils. In addition, the fuel oils and lubricants additized with these polymers; and also additive packages comprising such polymers are described.

Abstract: Mixture of (a) polar oil-soluble nitrogen compounds which are capable of sufficiently dispersing paraffin crystals precipitated out under cold conditions in fuels, (b) oil-soluble acid amides formed from polyamides having from 2 to 1000 carbon atoms and C8- to C30-fatty acids or fatty acid-like compounds comprising free carboxyl groups and (c) oil-soluble reaction products formed from ?,?-dicarboxylic acids having 4 to 300 carbon atoms or derivatives thereof and primary alkylamines. The mixture mentioned is suitable as a paraffin dispersant in fuels, especially those having a biodiesel content.

Abstract: Polyisobutenylphenol-containing Mannich adducts are prepared by a) alkylation of a phenol with highly reactive polyisobutene at below about 50° C. in the presence of an alkylation catalyst; b) reaction of the reaction product from a) with formaldehyde, an oligomer or a polymer of formaldehyde and at least one amine which has at least one secondary amino function and no primary amino function, or c) reaction of the reaction product from a) with at least one adduct of at least one amine which has at least one secondary or primary amino function and formaldehyde, an oligomer of formaldehyde, a polymer of formaldehyde or a formaldehyde equivalent, and are used as detergent additives in fuel and lubricant compositions, and additive concentrates, fuel compositions and lubricant compositions contain these Mannich adducts.

Abstract: Fuel compositions for internal combustion engines, comprising a principle amount of a liquid hydrocarbon fuel and an amount, which has a cleaning effect, of at least one propoxylate additive of the formula I where n is an integer from 10 to 20 and R1 is straight-chain or branched C8-C18-alkyl or C8-C18-alkenyl, if required in combination with at least one detergent additive, e.g. a polyalkylamine additive of the formula II R2—NH2 ??(II) where R2 is a straight-chain or branched polyalkyl radical having a number average molecular weight of from about 500 to about 5000, and fuel additive compositions which contain propoxylates of the formula I and, if required, further additives, such as the aforementioned polyalkylamines of the formula II, as intake valve cleaners.

Abstract: The use is described of polymers which contain, in copolymerized form, an ?-olefin, a vinyl ester and an ester of an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid as an additive for fuel oils and lubricants and in particular as a cold flow improver in fuel oils. In addition, the fuel oils and lubricants additized with these polymers; and also additive packages comprising such polymers are described.

Abstract: Polyalkene alcohol polyalkoxylates R—(CH2)n—(O—A)m—OH, where R is a polyalkene radical derived from C2- to C30-alkenes and having a number average molecular weight from 300 to 5000, A is an alkylene group of 2 to 8 carbon atoms, m is a number up to 200, with the proviso that the oxygen in the oxyalkylate radical accounts for at least 16.5% by weight of the number average molecular weight of the total molecule I, and n is 0 or 1, are suitable as carrier oils in fuel and lubricant compositions.

Abstract: Alkanols are oxyalkylated by a process in which the reaction is carried out using a heterogeneous basic catalyst which is selected from basic aluminates, and the compounds prepared thereby are used as carrier oils in fuel additives or as nonionic surfactants in detergents or cleaning agents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to at least simply unsaturated polyolefins with a number mean molecular weight in the range of 400 to 1,500 dalton and a dispersibility of M.sub.W /M.sub.N <1.2, obtained through catalytic dimerization from at least simply unsaturated olefin-oligomers, as well as to the method for their production. The present invention further relates to derivatives of these polyolefins which can be obtained by functionalizing at least a double link of the polyolefin. The invention also relates to the use of polyolefins and/or functionalization products as additives for fuels or lubricants.