Abstract: Techniques are described for compressing data using machine learning systems and tuning machine learning systems for compressing the data. An example process can include receiving, by a neural network compression system (e.g., trained on a training dataset), input data for compression by the neural network compression system. The process can include determining a set of updates for the neural network compression system, the set of updates including updated model parameters tuned using the input data. The process can include generating, by the neural network compression system using a latent prior, a first bitstream including a compressed version of the input data. The process can further include generating, by the neural network compression system using the latent prior and a model prior, a second bitstream including a compressed version of the updated model parameters. The process can include outputting the first bitstream and the second bitstream for transmission to a receiver.