Abstract: A point-to-multipoint communications network includes an optical line terminal (OLT) and a number of optical network terminals (ONTS) which each detect and remove rogue ONTs from the network. The OLT monitors transmission errors to detect the presence of a rogue ONT, and can determine the identity of the rogue. Each ONT monitors its own upstream data packets to detect the presence of a rogue, and turns itself off when a rogue is detected.

Abstract: A method and apparatus according to embodiments of the invention include monitoring connectivity between an OLT and at least one network termination node. The OLT sends a connectivity test signal to the network termination node under test and receives a responsive signal.

Abstract: A handheld gum massaging device of the type which includes a wand with a movable distal dip zone and a handle connected to the wand which includes means to move the distal tip zone of the wand in a massaging action. The distal tip zone carries an element of absorbent material for receiving and applying a charge of medicament so that when the wand tip zone is moving, the element not only massages the gums but, simultaneously, delivers the medicament topically to the gums.