Abstract: Electrical cables are attached to an outer surface of production tubing. The electrical cables are configured to be connected at a first end to a topside electrical power supply. Electrical contacts are attached to a second end of the electrical cables. The contacts are at a downhole end of the production tubing.

Abstract: Processes are disclosed for the preparation of 2-methylfuran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran. The continuous vapor-phase processes are commercially viable and efficient because they permit the preparation of 2-methylfuran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran using commercially-available catalysts, namely, a reduced copper-based catalyst consisting essentially of cupric oxide, chromium (III) oxide, manganese oxide and barium chromate and a reduced nickel-based catalyst consisting essentially of nickel, nickel (II) oxide, aluminum oxide and silica. An apparatus comprising two inline hydrogenators is used for preparing the 2-methylfuran or 2-methyltetrahydrofuran.

Abstract: Processes are disclosed for the preparation of 2-methylfuran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran. The continuous vapor-phase processes are commercially viable and efficient because they permit the preparation of 2-methylfuran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran using commercially-available catalysts, namely, a reduced copper-based catalyst consisting essentially of cupric oxide, chromium (III) oxide, manganese oxide and barium chromate and a reduced nickel-based catalyst consisting essentially of nickel, nickel (II) oxide, aluminum oxide and silica. An apparatus comprising two inline hydrogenators is used for preparing the 2-methylfuran or 2-methyltetrahydrofuran.

Abstract: An improved catalytic process for the preparation of epoxides from alkenes using a combination of transition metal salt, an inorganic promoter and an organic additive in absence of solvent or in the presence of a solvent with commercially available hydrogen per oxide has been disclosed. Thus, styrene oxide was prepared at a kilogram scale in 86% isolated yield with purity >95%.

Abstract: Processes are disclosed for the preparation of 2-methylfuran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran. The continuous vapor-phase processes are commercially viable and efficient because they permit the preparation of 2-methylfuran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran using commercially-available catalysts, namely, a reduced copper-based catalyst consisting essentially of cupric oxide, chromium (III) oxide, manganese oxide and barium chromate and a reduced nickel-based catalyst consisting essentially of nickel, nickel (II) oxide, aluminum oxide and silica. An apparatus comprising two inline hydrogenators is used for preparing the 2-methylfuran or 2-methyltetrahydrofuran.

Abstract: Processes are disclosed for the preparation of 2-methylfuran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran. The continuous vapor-phase processes are commercially viable and efficient because they permit the preparation of 2-methylfuran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran using commercially-available catalysts, namely, a reduced copper-based catalyst consisting essentially of cupric oxide, chromium (III) oxide, manganese oxide and barium chromate and a reduced nickel-based catalyst consisting essentially of nickel, nickel (II) oxide, aluminum oxide and silica. An apparatus comprising two inline hydrogenators is used for preparing the 2-methylfuran or 2-methyltetrahydrofuran.

Abstract: Processes are disclosed for the preparation of 2-methylfuran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran. The continuous vapor-phase processes are commercially viable and efficient because they permit the preparation of 2-methylfuran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran using commercially-available catalysts, namely, a reduced copper-based catalyst consisting essentially of cupric oxide, chromium (III) oxide, manganese oxide and barium chromate and a reduced nickel-based catalyst consisting essentially of nickel, nickel (II) oxide, aluminum oxide and silica. An apparatus comprising two inline hydrogenators is used for preparing the 2-methylfuran or 2-methyltetrahydrofuran.

Abstract: Processes are disclosed for the preparation of 2-methylfuran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran. The continuous vapor-phase processes are commercially viable and efficient because they permit the preparation of 2-methylfuran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran using commercially-available catalysts, namely, a reduced copper-based catalyst consisting essentially of cupric oxide, chromium (III) oxide, manganese oxide and barium chromate and a reduced nickel-based catalyst consisting essentially of nickel, nickel (II) oxide, aluminum oxide and silica. An apparatus comprising two inline hydrogenators is used for preparing the 2-methylfuran or 2-methyltetrahydrofuran.

Abstract: A splash-blendable, solubilized diesel fuel composition includes a diesel fuel, ethanol, a stabilizing additive and, optionally, an alkyl ester of a fatty acid and/or a co-solvent. The stabilizing additive is either a mixture of fatty acid alcohols, a polymeric material, or a combination of the mixture and the polymeric material.

Abstract: A splash-blendable, solubilized diesel fuel composition includes a diesel fuel, ethanol, a stabilizing additive and, optionally, an alkyl ester of a fatty acid and/or a co-solvent. The stabilizing additive is either a mixture of fatty acid alcohols, a polymeric material, or a combination of the mixture and the polymeric material.

Abstract: A polymeric fuel additive, a method of making the additive, and a fuel containing the additive are disclosed. The additive is prepared by isothermally mixing an ethoxylated alcohol and an amide, wherein the ethoxylated alcohol comprises at least about 75 weight percent of at least one linear, straight-chain alcohol having a hydrocarbon chain length of about nine to about fifteen carbon atoms, and wherein the amide is formed by reacting an alcohol amine with an equimolar amount of an alkyl ester of a fatty acid or derivative. The alcohol/amide product is isothermally mixed with a substantially equimolar amount of an ethoxylated fatty acid having a hydrocarbon chain length of about nine to about fifteen carbon atoms to produce the polymeric additive. The inventive method is carried out with gentle mixing so as to avoid molecular degradation of the additive.

Abstract: A splash-blendable, solubilized diesel fuel composition includes a diesel fuel, ethanol, a stabilizing additive and, optionally, an alkyl ester of a fatty acid and/or a co-solvent. The stabilizing additive is either a mixture of fatty acid alcohols, a polymeric material, or a combination of the mixture and the polymeric material.

Abstract: A splash-blendable, solubilized diesel fuel composition includes a diesel fuel, ethanol, a stabilizing additive and, optionally, an alkyl ester of a fatty acid and/or a co-solvent. The stabilizing additive is either a mixture of fatty acid alcohols, a polymeric material, or a combination of the mixture and the polymeric material.

Abstract: A polymeric fuel additive, a method of making the additive, and a fuel containing the additive are disclosed. The additive is prepared by isothermally mixing an ethoxylated alcohol and an amide, wherein the ethoxylated alcohol comprises at least about 75 weight percent of at least one linear, straight-chain alcohol having a hydrocarbon chain length of about nine to about fifteen carbon atoms, and wherein the amide is formed by reacting an alcohol amine with an equimolar amount of an alkyl ester of a fatty acid or derivative. The alcohol/amide product is isothermally mixed with a substantially equimolar amount of an ethoxylated fatty acid having a hydrocarbon chain length of about nine to about fifteen carbon atoms to produce the polymeric additive. The inventive method is carried out with gentle mixing so as to avoid molecular degradation of the additive.

Abstract: A polymeric fuel additive, a method of making the additive, and a fuel containing the additive are disclosed. The additive is prepared by isothermally mixing an ethoxylated alcohol and an amide, wherein the ethoxylated alcohol comprises at least about 75 weight percent of at least one linear, straight-chain alcohol having a hydrocarbon chain length of about nine to about fifteen carbon atoms, and wherein the amide is formed by reacting an alcohol amine with an equimolar amount of an alkyl ester of a fatty acid or derivative. The alcohol/amide product is isothermally mixed with a substantially equimolar amount of an ethoxylated fatty acid having a hydrocarbon chain length of about nine to about fifteen carbon atoms to produce the polymeric additive. The inventive method is carried out with gentle mixing so as to avoid molecular degradation of the additive.

Abstract: A splash-blendable, solubilized diesel fuel composition includes a diesel fuel, ethanol, an alkyl ester of a fatty acid, a stabilizing additive and, optionally, a co-solvent. The stabilizing additive is either a mixture of fatty acid alcohols, a polymeric material, or a combination of the mixture and the polymeric material.