Abstract: A method of constructing ultra-low-loss miniaturized microstrip type microwave transmission lines, circuits, and resonators and their resulting structures are disclosed. The method includes etching a groove of the appropriate width and depth into the surface of a first substrate as determined by a preselected characteristic impedance. Appropriate thin film superconductors are then deposited on the surfaces of the first substrate and a second substrate. The thin film superconductors are then patterned after which the two substrates are sealed together by field-assisted thermal bonding such that a novel two-conductor electromagnetic transmission line results.

Abstract: Equalization and the individual control of the sensitivity of each element in a multi-element sensor array is achieved by means of a light transmitting element positioned to intercept light falling on the light receiving surface of each sensor element. Structurally the light transmitting device can be a single sheet of transparent ferroelectric ceramic having a long term polarization retention capability (or memory). A discrete portion of the sheet adjacent each sensor element is polarized in a manner that controls the level of light transmitted through the sheet at that locus and so controls the output level of the sensor adjacent to it. Equalization of sensor elements is accomplished by setting the polarization of each light transmitting element as a function of the difference between its associated sensor output voltage level and a standard voltage level in response to a constant intensity light source.