Abstract: Methods, apparatus, devices, subsystems, and systems for holographically displaying three-dimensional objects are provided. In one aspect, a device includes at least one processor and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and having instructions executable by the at least one processor to perform operations including: obtaining primitive data of a plurality of primitives corresponding to at least one object based on information of the plurality of primitives, the information of the plurality of primitives comprising respective primitive identifiers of the plurality of primitives; for each primitive of the plurality of primitives, determining an electromagnetic (EM) field contribution to each of a plurality of display elements of a display based on primitive data of the primitive; and for each of the plurality of display elements of the display, generating a sum of the EM field contributions of the plurality of primitives to the display element.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, devices, subsystems, and systems for holographically displaying three-dimensional objects are provided. In one aspect, a system includes a display and a controller. The display includes: a backplane having a plurality of circuits and a plurality of display elements arranged on the backplane. The plurality of display elements form an irregular pattern. Each of the plurality of display elements is coupled to a respective circuit of the plurality of circuits. The controller is coupled to the display and configured to transmit at least one control signal to at least one display element of the display for modulating at least one property of the at least one display element.

Abstract: A document management system can include an artificial intelligence-based document manager that can perform one or more predictive operations based on characteristics of a user, a document, a user account, or historical document activity. For instance, the document management system can apply a machine-learning model to determine how long an expiring agreement document is likely to take to renegotiate and can prompt a user to begin the renegotiation process in advance. The document management system can detect a change to language in a particular clause type and can prompt a user to update other documents that include the clause type to include the change. The document management system can determine a type of a document being worked on and can identify one or more actions that a corresponding user may want to take using a machine-learning model trained on similar documents and similar users.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, devices, subsystems, and systems for holographically displaying three-dimensional objects are provided. In one aspect, a computer-implemented method of manipulating data of a plurality of primitives corresponding to at least one object includes: for each of a plurality of vertices of the plurality of primitives, associating a respective vertex identifier of the vertex with respective vertex data of the vertex, and storing the association between the respective vertex identifier and the respective vertex data of the vertex in a memory; and for each of the plurality of primitives, associating a respective primitive identifier of the primitive with one or more respective vertex identifiers of one or more vertices of the primitive in the memory, and storing an association between the respective primitive identifier and the one or more respective vertex identifiers for the primitive in the memory.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, devices, subsystems, and systems for holographically displaying three-dimensional objects are provided. In one aspect, a system includes a display and a controller. The display includes: a backplane having a plurality of circuits and a plurality of display elements arranged on the backplane. The plurality of display elements form an irregular pattern. Each of the plurality of display elements is coupled to a respective circuit of the plurality of circuits. The controller is coupled to the display and configured to transmit at least one control signal to at least one display element of the display for modulating at least one property of the at least one display element.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, devices, subsystems, and systems for holographically displaying three-dimensional objects are provided. In one aspect, an optical device includes: an optical guiding device configured to guide light to propagate along a first direction within the optical guiding device; an in-coupling diffractive structure configured to diffract the light to propagate in the optical guiding device; and out-coupling diffractive structures configured to diffract at least part of the light out of the optical guiding device along a second direction different from the first direction. The out-coupling diffractive structures are configured to have gradually increased diffraction efficiencies for the light along the first direction away from the in-coupling diffractive structure.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, devices, subsystems, and systems for holographically displaying three-dimensional objects are provided. In one aspect, a system includes a display and a controller. The display includes: a backplane having a plurality of circuits and a plurality of display elements arranged on the backplane. The plurality of display elements form an irregular pattern. Each of the plurality of display elements is coupled to a respective circuit of the plurality of circuits. The controller is coupled to the display and configured to transmit at least one control signal to at least one display element of the display for modulating at least one property of the at least one display element.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, devices, subsystems, and systems for holographically displaying three-dimensional objects are provided. In one aspect, a computer-implemented method of manipulating data of a plurality of primitives corresponding to at least one object includes: for each of a plurality of vertices of the plurality of primitives, associating a respective vertex identifier of the vertex with respective vertex data of the vertex, and storing the association between the respective vertex identifier and the respective vertex data of the vertex in a memory; and for each of the plurality of primitives, associating a respective primitive identifier of the primitive with one or more respective vertex identifiers of one or more vertices of the primitive in the memory, and storing an association between the respective primitive identifier and the one or more respective vertex identifiers for the primitive in the memory.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, devices, subsystems, and systems for holographically displaying three-dimensional objects are provided. In one aspect, a system includes a display and a controller. The display includes: a backplane having a plurality of circuits and a plurality of display elements arranged on the backplane. The plurality of display elements form an irregular pattern. Each of the plurality of display elements is coupled to a respective circuit of the plurality of circuits. The controller is coupled to the display and configured to transmit at least one control signal to at least one display element of the display for modulating at least one property of the at least one display element.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, devices, subsystems, and systems for holographically displaying three-dimensional objects are provided. In one aspect, a system includes a display and a controller. The display includes: a backplane having a plurality of circuits and a plurality of display elements arranged on the backplane. The plurality of display elements form an irregular pattern. Each of the plurality of display elements is coupled to a respective circuit of the plurality of circuits. The controller is coupled to the display and configured to transmit at least one control signal to at least one display element of the display for modulating at least one property of the at least one display element.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, devices, subsystems, and systems for holographically displaying three-dimensional objects are provided. In one aspect, a system includes: a display having a plurality of display elements and a driving device coupled to the driving device and configured to: obtain a hologram for the display, wherein the hologram comprises, for each display element of the plurality of display elements, a respective sum of electromagnetic (EM) field contributions of a plurality of primitives corresponding to at least one object to the display element; and generate, for each display element of the plurality of display elements, a respective modulation control signal based on the respective sum of EM field contributions of the plurality of primitives to the display element.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, devices, subsystems, and systems for holographically displaying three-dimensional objects are provided. In one aspect, a system includes a display and a controller. The display includes: a backplane having a plurality of circuits and a plurality of display elements arranged on the backplane. The plurality of display elements form an irregular pattern. Each of the plurality of display elements is coupled to a respective circuit of the plurality of circuits. The controller is coupled to the display and configured to transmit at least one control signal to at least one display element of the display for modulating at least one property of the at least one display element.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, devices, subsystems, and systems for holographically displaying three-dimensional objects are provided. In one aspect, a system includes a display and a controller. The display includes: a backplane having a plurality of circuits and a plurality of display elements arranged on the backplane. The plurality of display elements form an irregular pattern. Each of the plurality of display elements is coupled to a respective circuit of the plurality of circuits. The controller is coupled to the display and configured to transmit at least one control signal to at least one display element of the display for modulating at least one property of the at least one display element.

Abstract: A document management system can include an artificial intelligence-based document manager that can perform one or more predictive operations based on characteristics of a user, a document, a user account, or historical document activity. For instance, the document management system can apply a machine-learning model to determine how long an expiring agreement document is likely to take to renegotiate and can prompt a user to begin the renegotiation process in advance. The document management system can detect a change to language in a particular clause type and can prompt a user to update other documents that include the clause type to include the change. The document management system can determine a type of a document being worked on and can identify one or more actions that a corresponding user may want to take using a machine-learning model trained on similar documents and similar users.

Abstract: A document management system can include an artificial intelligence-based document manager that can perform one or more predictive operations based on characteristics of a user, a document, a user account, or historical document activity. For instance, the document management system can apply a machine-learning model to determine how long an expiring agreement document is likely to take to renegotiate and can prompt a user to begin the renegotiation process in advance. The document management system can detect a change to language in a particular clause type and can prompt a user to update other documents that include the clause type to include the change. The document management system can determine a type of a document being worked on and can identify one or more actions that a corresponding user may want to take using a machine-learning model trained on similar documents and similar users.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for computing enhanced surprise metrics for autonomously driven vehicles. One of the methods includes receiving data representing a predicted state of an agent at a particular time, data representing an actual state of the agent for the particular time, and computing a surprise metric for the actual state of the agent based on a measure of the residual information between the predicted state of the agent and the actual state of the agent.

Abstract: A document management system can include an artificial intelligence-based document manager that can perform one or more predictive operations based on characteristics of a user, a document, a user account, or historical document activity. For instance, the document management system can apply a machine-learning model to determine how long an expiring agreement document is likely to take to renegotiate and can prompt a user to begin the renegotiation process in advance. The document management system can detect a change to language in a particular clause type and can prompt a user to update other documents that include the clause type to include the change. The document management system can determine a type of a document being worked on and can identify one or more actions that a corresponding user may want to take using a machine-learning model trained on similar documents and similar users.

Abstract: A document management system can include an artificial intelligence-based document manager that can perform one or more predictive operations based on characteristics of a user, a document, a user account, or historical document activity. For instance, the document management system can apply a machine-learning model to determine how long an expiring agreement document is likely to take to renegotiate and can prompt a user to begin the renegotiation process in advance. The document management system can detect a change to language in a particular clause type and can prompt a user to update other documents that include the clause type to include the change. The document management system can determine a type of a document being worked on and can identify one or more actions that a corresponding user may want to take using a machine-learning model trained on similar documents and similar users.

Abstract: Liquid sampling apparatus and methods enable hands free collection of samples from surface waters via drone or other remote delivery systems. The liquid sampling apparatus includes a frame configured to support a plurality of groundwater sampling bailers in circumferential spaced apart relationship around a central axis of the frame, each bailer comprising an elongate tubular housing configured to collect and store a liquid sample from a body of liquid. A weight is movably secured to the frame and is configured to move between a retracted position and a downwardly extended position. When in the downwardly extended position, the weight is configured to maintain the liquid sampling apparatus and the plurality of groundwater sampling bailers in a generally vertical orientation during liquid sample collection.

Abstract: Liquid sampling apparatus and methods enable hands free collection of low-level metals and other contaminant-sensitive samples from surface waters via drone or other remote delivery systems. The apparatus and methods allow for limited exposure to contaminants during a sampling process by remotely opening and closing sample containers while submerged under water at a sampling location.