Abstract: A composition and process for manufacture thereof used in hybrid inventive building materials comprising Syngenite (K2Ca(SO4)2.H2O) and Struvite-K (KMgPO4.6H2O). Starting constituents include magnesium oxide (MgO), monopotassium phosphate (MKP) and stucco (calcium sulfate hemihydrate), mixed in predetermined ratios, cause reactions to proceed through multiple phases, which reactions variously are proceeding simultaneously and in parallel. Variables, e.g., water temperature, pH, mixing times and rates, have been found to affect resultant reaction products. Preferred ratios of chemical constituents and manufacturing parameters, including predetermined weight percent and specified ratios of Struvite-K and Syngenite are provided for building products used for specified purposes. Reactions are optimized in stoichiometry and additives to reduce the combined heat of formation to non-destructive levels. Various additives help control and guide reactions.

Abstract: A composition and process for manufacture thereof used in hybrid inventive building materials comprising Syngenite (K2Ca(SO4)2.H2O) and Struvite-K (KMgPO4.6H2O). Starting constituents include magnesium oxide (MgO), monopotassium phosphate (MKP) and stucco (calcium sulfate hemihydrate), mixed in predetermined ratios, cause reactions to proceed through multiple phases, which reactions variously are proceeding simultaneously and in parallel. Variables, e.g., water temperature, pH, mixing times and rates, have been found to affect resultant reaction products. Preferred ratios of chemical constituents and manufacturing parameters, including predetermined weight percent and specified ratios of Struvite-K and Syngenite are provided for building products used for specified purposes. Reactions are optimized in stoichiometry and additives to reduce the combined heat of formation to non-destructive levels. Various additives help control and guide reactions.

Abstract: A composition and process for manufacture thereof used in hybrid inventive building materials comprising Syngenite (K2Ca(SO4)2.H2O) and Struvite-K (KMgPO4.6H2O). Starting constituents include magnesium oxide (MgO), monopotassium phosphate (MKP) and stucco (calcium sulfate hemihydrate), mixed in predetermined ratios, cause reactions to proceed through multiple phases, which reactions variously are proceeding simultaneously and in parallel. Variables, e.g., water temperature, pH, mixing times and rates, have been found to affect resultant reaction products. Preferred ratios of chemical constituents and manufacturing parameters, including predetermined weight percent and specified ratios of Struvite-K and Syngenite are provided for building products used for specified purposes. Reactions are optimized in stoichiometry and additives to reduce the combined heat of formation to non-destructive levels. Various additives help control and guide reactions.

Abstract: A composition and process for the manufacture thereof for use in a hybrid building material comprising at least in part Syngenite (K2Ca(SO4)2.H2O) and Struvite-K (KMgPO4·6H2O). Specified constituents, including magnesium oxide (MgO), monopotassium phosphate (MKP) and stucco (calcium sulfate hemihydrate) are mixed in predetermined ratios and the reaction proceeds through multiple phases reactions which at times are proceeding simultaneously and in parallel and reaction may even compete with each other for reagents if the Struvite-K reaction is not buffered to slow down the reaction rate). A number of variable factors, such as water temperature, pH mixing times and rates, have been found to affect resultant reaction products. Preferred ratios of chemical constituents and manufacturing parameters, including predetermined and specified ratios of Struvite-K and Syngenite may be provided for specified purposes, optimized in respect of stoichiometry to reduce the combined heat of formation to non-destructive levels.

Abstract: A composition and process for the manufacture thereof for use in a hybrid building material comprising at least in part Syngenite (K2Ca(SO4)2.H2O) and Struvite-K (KMgPO4.6H2O). Specified constituents, including magnesium oxide (MgO), monopotassium phosphate (MKP) and stucco (calcium sulfate hemihydrate) are mixed in predetermined ratios and the reaction proceeds through multiple phases reactions which at times are proceeding simultaneously and in parallel and reaction may even compete with each other for reagents if the Struvite-K reaction is not buffered to slow down the reaction rate). A number of variable factors, such as water temperature, pH mixing times and rates, have been found to affect resultant reaction products. Preferred ratios of chemical constituents and manufacturing parameters, including predetermined and specified ratios of Struvite-K and Syngenite may be provided for specified purposes, optimized in respect of stoichiometry to reduce the combined heat of formation to non-destructive levels.

Abstract: A sapphire substrate includes a generally planar surface having a crystallographic orientation selected from the group consisting of a-plane, r-plane, m-plane, and c-plane orientations, and having a nTTV of not greater than about 0.037 ?m/cm2, wherein nTTV is total thickness variation normalized for surface area of the generally planar surface, the substrate having a diameter not less than about 9.0 cm.

Abstract: A composition and process for the manufacture thereof for use in a hybrid building material comprising at least in part Syngenite (K2Ca(SO4)2.H2O) and Struvite-K (KMgPO4.6H2O). Specified constituents, including magnesium oxide (MgO), monopotassium phosphate (MKP) and stucco (calcium sulfate hemihydrate) are mixed in predetermined ratios and the reaction proceeds through multiple phases reactions which at times are proceeding simultaneously and in parallel and reaction may even compete with each other for reagents if the Struvite-K reaction is not buffered to slow down the reaction rate). A number of variable factors, such as water temperature, pH mixing times and rates, have been found to affect resultant reaction products. Preferred ratios of chemical constituents and manufacturing parameters, including predetermined and specified ratios of Struvite-K and Syngenite may be provided for specified purposes, optimized in respect of stoichiometry to reduce the combined heat of formation to non-destructive levels.

Abstract: A composition and process for manufacture thereof used in hybrid inventive building materials comprising Syngenite (K2Ca(SO4)2.H2O) and Struvite-K (KMgPO4.6H2O). Starting constituents include magnesium oxide (MgO), monopotassium phosphate (MKP) and stucco (calcium sulfate hemihydrate), mixed in predetermined ratios, cause reactions to proceed through multiple phases, which reactions variously are proceeding simultaneously and in parallel. Variables, e.g., water temperature, pH, mixing times and rates, have been found to affect resultant reaction products. Preferred ratios of chemical constituents and manufacturing parameters, including predetermined weight percent and specified ratios of Struvite-K and Syngenite are provided for building products used for specified purposes. Reactions are optimized in stoichiometry and additives to reduce the combined heat of formation to non-destructive levels. Various additives help control and guide reactions.

Abstract: Improved slurry compositions comprising silicon carbide particles and alumina particles dispersed within an aqueous medium. Slurry compositions in the form of abrasive slurry compositions for use chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) processes, particularly abrasive slurry compositions for polishing of sapphire, and methods of use.

Abstract: A composition and process for the manufacture thereof for use in a hybrid building material comprising at least in part Syngenite (K2Ca(SO4)2.H2O) and Struvite-K (KMgPO4.6H2O). Specified constituents, including magnesium oxide (MgO), monopotassium phosphate (MKP) and stucco (calcium sulfate hemihydrate) are mixed in predetermined ratios and the reaction proceeds through multiple phases reactions which at times are proceeding simultaneously and in parallel and reaction may even compete with each other for reagents if the Struvite-K reaction is not buffered to slow down the reaction rate). A number of variable factors, such as water temperature, pH mixing times and rates, have been found to affect resultant reaction products. Preferred ratios of chemical constituents and manufacturing parameters, including predetermined and specified ratios of Struvite-K and Syngenite may be provided for specified purposes, optimized in respect of stoichiometry to reduce the combined heat of formation to non-destructive levels.

Abstract: A sapphire substrate includes a generally planar surface having a crystallographic orientation selected from the group consisting of a-plane, r-plane, m-plane, and c-plane orientations, and having a nTTV of not greater than about 0.037 ?m/cm2, wherein nTTV is total thickness variation normalized for surface area of the generally planar surface, the substrate having a diameter not less than about 9.0 cm.

Abstract: Improved silicon carbide particles, improved silicon carbide abrasive particles, and abrasive slurry compositions for use chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) processes. The particles can comprise nano-sized silicon carbide particles, particularly silicon carbide particles having a surface chemistry similar to silica.

Abstract: A sapphire substrate includes a generally planar surface having a crystallographic orientation selected from the group consisting of a-plane, r-plane, m-plane, and c-plane orientations, and having a nTTV of not greater than about 0.037 ?m/cm2, wherein nTTV is total thickness variation normalized for surface area of the generally planar surface, the substrate having a diameter not less than about 9.0 cm.

Abstract: A sapphire substrate includes a generally planar surface having a crystallographic orientation selected from the group consisting of a-plane, r-plane, m-plane, and c-plane orientations, and having a nTTV of not greater than about 0.037 ?m/cm2, wherein nTTV is total thickness variation normalized for surface area of the generally planar surface, the substrate having a diameter not less than about 9.0 cm.

Abstract: Improved slurry compositions comprising a mixture of a first type of particles and a second type of abrasive particles dispersed within an aqueous medium, and abrasive slurry compositions for use chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) processes, particularly abrasive slurry compositions for polishing of sapphire. These abrasive slurry compositions comprise a mixture of a first type of abrasive particles having a hardness that is harder than the surface being polished and a second type of abrasive particles have a hardness that is softer than the surface being polished, particularly mixtures of silicon carbide abrasive particles and silica abrasive particles, dispersed within an aqueous medium.

Abstract: A sapphire substrate includes a generally planar surface having a crystallographic orientation selected from the group consisting of a-plane, r-plane, m-plane, and c-plane orientations, and having a nTTV of not greater than about 0.037 ?m/cm2, wherein nTTV is total thickness variation normalized for surface area of the generally planar surface, the substrate having a diameter not less than about 9.0 cm.

Abstract: A sapphire substrate includes a generally planar surface having a crystallographic orientation selected from the group consisting of a-plane, r-plane, m-plane, and c-plane orientations, and having a nTTV of not greater than about 0.037 ?m/cm2, wherein nTTV is total thickness variation normalized for surface area of the generally planar surface, the substrate having a diameter not less than about 9.0 cm.

Abstract: A sapphire substrate includes a generally planar surface having a crystallographic orientation selected from the group consisting of a-plane, r-plane, m-plane, and c-plane orientations, and having a nTTV of not greater than about 0.037 ?m/cm2, wherein nTTV is total thickness variation normalized for surface area of the generally planar surface, the substrate having a diameter not less than about 9.0 cm.

Abstract: Improved silicon carbide particles, improved silicon carbide abrasive particles, and abrasive slurry compositions for use chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) processes. The particles can comprise nano-sized silicon carbide particles, particularly silicon carbide particles having a surface chemistry similar to silica.

Abstract: Improved slurry compositions comprising a mixture of a first type of particles and a second type of abrasive particles dispersed within an aqueous medium, and abrasive slurry compositions for use chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) processes, particularly abrasive slurry compositions for polishing of sapphire. These abrasive slurry compositions comprise a mixture of a first type of abrasive particles having a hardness that is harder than the surface being polished and a second type of abrasive particles have a hardness that is softer than the surface being polished, particularly mixtures of silicon carbide abrasive particles and silica abrasive particles, dispersed within an aqueous medium.