Abstract: The present invention relates to fuel compositions containing hydrocarbon fuels in the gasoline boiling range and organic nitrogen-containing compounds selected from organic nitrates and/or organic nitro compounds. The fuel compositions exhibit improved ignition properties, including reduced emissions and reduced misfires.

Abstract: The process of preparing higher aluminum alkyls by olefin chain growth on alkyl aluminum is improved by using on-line flow-through calorimetry to determine the aluminum concentration of a process stream, such as the aluminum alkyl feed stream, by reacting a sample portion of the process stream with a molar excess of alcohol and measuring the change in temperature. The aluminum concentration of the stream can then be adjusted as required to maintain it within a selected range.

Abstract: The invention relates to overcoming a new deposit problem, namely the formation on injector components and intake valves of diesel engines of deposits containing a substantial amount of inorganic material along with some organic binder materials. This problem has been traced to the presence of trace amounts of alkali metal salts in the fuel composition, and the invention overcomes the problem by including in such fuels a minor amount of at least one fuel-soluble complexing agent capable of forming in the diesel fuel oil a fuel-soluble complex with said inorganic alkali metal salt and/or the alkali metal cation thereof. The complexing agents used are selected from crown ethers, aza-crown ethers, polycrown ethers, lariat-crown ethers, cryptands, spherands, and bridged spherands.

Abstract: The invention relates to overcoming a new deposit problem, namely the formation on injector components and intake valves of gasoline engines of deposits containing a substantial amount of inorganic material along with some organic binder materials. This problem has been traced to the presence of trace amounts of alkali metal salts in the fuel composition, and the invention overcomes the problem by including in such fuels a minor amount of at least one gasoline-soluble complexing agent capable of forming in the gasoline a gasoline-soluble complex with said inorganic alkali metal salt and/or the alkali metal cation thereof. The complexing agents used are selected from crown ethers, aza-crown ethers, polycrown ethers, lariat-crown ethers, cryptands, spherands, and bridged spherands.

Abstract: A process for the removal of and analysis of phosphine and arsine impurities in silane gas. Silane gas which normally contains the impurities of AsH.sub.3 and PH.sub.3 is contacted with a solution of NaAlH.sub.4 in dimethoxyethane, other ether or amine to remove the impurities therefrom. The dimethoxyethane or other ether solution may then be hydrolyzed with water or alcohol to evolve hydrogen gas from the NaAlH.sub.4 and to re-evolve phosphine and arsine which may then be quantitatively determined by gas chromatography, atomic absorption, or other means.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for automatically sampling and analyzing a multitude of sample points from an area, using one analyzer and a control system to sequentially send samples for analysis.