Abstract: A prelithiated anode may include a current collector may include a metal oxide layer. Prelithiated anodes may in addition include a lithiated storage layer overlaying the metal oxide layer. The lithiated storage layer may be formed by incorporating lithium into a continuous porous lithium storage layer may include at least 80 atomic % silicon. The lithiated storage layer may include less than 1% by weight of carbon-based binders. The lithiated storage layer may further include lithium in a range of 1% to 90% of a theoretical lithium storage capacity of the continuous porous lithium storage layer. Batteries may include the prelithiated anode.

Abstract: An anode for an energy storage device may include a current collector. The current collector may include a metal oxide layer. The metal oxide layer may include a doped oxide or zinc oxide. In addition, the anode may include a continuous porous lithium storage layer overlaying the metal oxide layer. The continuous porous lithium storage layer may include a total content of silicon, germanium, or a combination thereof, of at least 40 atomic %.

Abstract: A method of making a prelithiated anode for use in a lithium-ion battery includes providing a current collector having an electrically conductive layer and a metal oxide layer overlaying the electrically conductive layer. The metal oxide layer has an average thickness of at least 0.01 ?m. A continuous porous lithium storage layer is deposited onto the metal oxide layer by a CVD process. Lithium is incorporated into the continuous porous lithium storage layer to form a lithiated storage layer prior to a first electrochemical cycle when the anode is assembled into the battery. The anode may be incorporated into a lithium ion battery along with a cathode. The cathode may include sulfur or selenium and the anode may be prelithiated.

Abstract: A method of making an anode for use in an energy storage device includes providing a current collector having an electrically conductive layer and a metal oxide layer overlaying over the electrically conductive layer. The metal oxide layer has an average thickness of at least 0.01 ?m. A continuous porous lithium storage layer is deposited onto the metal oxide layer by a CVD process. The anode is thermally treated after deposition of the continuous porous lithium storage layer is complete and prior to battery assembly. The thermal treatment includes heating the anode to a temperature in a range of 100° C. to 600° C. for a time period in a range of 0.1 min to 120 min. The anode may be incorporated into a lithium ion battery along with a cathode. The cathode may include sulfur or selenium and the anode may be prelithiated.

Abstract: A method of making an anode for use in an energy storage device includes providing a current collector having an electrically conductive layer and a metal oxide layer overlaying over the electrically conductive layer. The metal oxide layer has an average thickness of at least 0.01 ?m. A continuous porous lithium storage layer is deposited onto the metal oxide layer by a CVD process. The anode is thermally treated after deposition of the continuous porous lithium storage layer is complete and prior to battery assembly. The thermal treatment includes heating the anode to a temperature in a range of 100° C. to 600° C. for a time period in a range of 0.1 min to 120 min. The anode may be incorporated into a lithium ion battery along with a cathode. The cathode may include sulfur or selenium and the anode may be prelithiated.

Abstract: A method of making a prelithiated anode for use in a lithium-ion battery includes providing a current collector having an electrically conductive layer and a metal oxide layer overlaying the electrically conductive layer. The metal oxide layer has an average thickness of at least 0.01 ?m. A continuous porous lithium storage layer is deposited onto the metal oxide layer by a CVD process. Lithium is incorporated into the continuous porous lithium storage layer to form a lithiated storage layer prior to a first electrochemical cycle when the anode is assembled into the battery. The anode may be incorporated into a lithium ion battery along with a cathode. The cathode may include sulfur or selenium and the anode may be prelithiated.