Abstract: A system for preserving causality of audits may include an upstream service, a downstream service, and an audit service. The upstream service receives a first request including a trace ID and a first span ID, generates a first audit concerning a resource owned by the upstream service and having the trace ID and the first span ID as metadata, persists the first audit to a first database, and generates a second request including the trace ID, a parent span ID, and a second span ID. The downstream service receives the second request from the upstream service, generates a second audit concerning a resource owned by the downstream service and having the trace ID, second span ID, and parent span ID as metadata, and persists the second audit to a second database. The audit service receives and asynchronously centralizes the first and second audits. The metadata can be used to infer causality of the audits. A method for preserving causality of audits is also disclosed and claimed.

Abstract: An apparatus for executing a task includes an authenticator to identify a user, a controller that can receive data from the user, and an authorizer to ensure that the user has access to applications used to execute the task. The controller is able to register or de-register the applications and then determine which if the registered applications should be used to execute the task. The controller then converts the data from the user so that it can be used by the application to execute the task. If the user selects a second task to be executed, the controller can determine which of the registered applications is to be used to execute the second task. Methods for executing multiple tasks are also described.

Abstract: A system for producing a clinical trial software application includes a processor, comprising a validation service and an audit service, and a platform, configured to prove-in an infrastructure on which the software application operates. The software application operating on the infrastructure is the same as the software application previously validated in a validation portal. The proving-in of the infrastructure comprises receiving infrastructure requirements from a software application supplier, building the software application supplier's instances, logging an installation report to the validation portal, and comparing the log to the frozen, validated software in the validation portal. The validation service is configured to validate the software application, freeze the validated software application in the validation portal, and generate documentation that satisfies compliance rules for the clinical trial software application.

Abstract: A system for producing a clinical trial software application includes a processor, comprising a validation service and an audit service, and a platform, configured to prove-in an infrastructure on which the software application operates. The software application operating on the infrastructure is the same as the software application previously validated in a validation portal. The proving-in of the infrastructure comprises receiving infrastructure requirements from a software application supplier, building the software application supplier's instances, logging an installation report to the validation portal, and comparing the log to the frozen, validated software in the validation portal. The validation service is configured to validate the software application, freeze the validated software application in the validation portal, and generate documentation that satisfies compliance rules for the clinical trial software application.

Abstract: A method for producing regulatory-compliant software includes validating a software application and freezing the validated software application in a validation portal, proving-in an infrastructure on which the software application operates, and providing evidence of operational change management for a regulatory agency, which evidence comprises documentation that satisfies the agency's compliance rules. A regulatory-compliant software package is also described.

Abstract: A system for preserving causality of audits may include an upstream service, a downstream service, and an audit service. The upstream service receives a first request including a trace ID and a first span ID, generates a first audit concerning a resource owned by the upstream service and having the trace ID and the first span ID as metadata, persists the first audit to a first database, and generates a second request including the trace ID, a parent span ID, and a second span ID. The downstream service receives the second request from the upstream service, generates a second audit concerning a resource owned by the downstream service and having the trace ID, second span ID, and parent span ID as metadata, and persists the second audit to a second database. The audit service receives and asynchronously centralizes the first and second audits. The metadata can be used to infer causality of the audits. A method for preserving causality of audits is also disclosed and claimed.

Abstract: A method for substantiating a data message for use in a system includes adding discovery information to the data message related to the origin of the data message, validating the data message to comply with an industry standard, authenticating the data message to determine who transmitted the data message, and authorizing the transmission of the data message based on access rights. A method for generating a substantiated system is also described.

Abstract: Disparate (heterogeneous) clinical data recording devices are assimilated into a unified clinical system that is able to function regardless of the disparate data protocols of the recording devices. The unified system is realized in some embodiments by cascading a consistent set of audits generated by the recording devices through downstream clinical components, which audits provide a permanent and indelible record. The cascaded audits may also serve as a means of instruction between the disparate components of a unified clinical system.

Abstract: A method for maintaining data in a substantiated state includes executing one or more services on the data message at a first node, annotating the message header with the services executed at the first node, transmitting the data message over a data network, and receiving the annotated data message at a second node. The annotation corresponds to the services executed at the first node, and the annotated data is extractable from the header for the execution of services at the second node. A system for maintaining data in a substantiated state is also described.

Abstract: A method for maintaining data in a substantiated state includes executing one or more services on the data message at a first node, annotating the message header with the services executed at the first node, transmitting the data message over a data network, and receiving the annotated data message at a second node. The annotation corresponds to the services executed at the first node, and the annotated data is extractable from the header for the execution of services at the second node. A system for maintaining data in a substantiated state is also described.

Abstract: A method for producing regulatory-compliant software includes validating a software application and freezing the validated software application in a validation portal, proving-in an infrastructure on which the software application operates, and providing evidence of operational change management for a regulatory agency, which evidence comprises documentation that satisfies the agency's compliance rules. A regulatory-compliant software package is also described.

Abstract: An apparatus for executing a task includes an authenticator to identify a user, a controller that can receive data from the user, and an authorizer to ensure that the user has access to applications used to execute the task. The controller is able to register or de-register the applications and then determine which if the registered applications should be used to execute the task. The controller then converts the data from the user so that it can be used by the application to execute the task. If the user selects a second task to be executed, the controller can determine which of the registered applications is to be used to execute the second task. Methods for executing multiple tasks are also described.

Abstract: An apparatus for executing a task includes an authenticator to identify a user, a controller that can receive data from the user, and an authorizer to ensure that the user has access to applications used to execute the task. The controller is able to register or de-register the applications and then determine which if the registered applications should be used to execute the task. The controller then converts the data from the user so that it can be used by the application to execute the task. If the user selects a second task to be executed, the controller can determine which of the registered applications is to be used to execute the second task. Methods for executing multiple tasks are also described.

Abstract: A connection from a client to a primary server is monitored and state information pertaining to a protocol stack used in the primary server is conveyed to a standby server. When the primary server becomes unhealthy, a crossover message is sent by the standby server to a client according to the conveyed state information.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for forwarding a data packet addressed to a cluster of servers. According to one disclosed method, when a connection request is received from a client, a connection identifier is formed according to the connection request. The connection request is forwarded to a first-identified server in the cluster of servers. The connection identifier is associated with a responding server in the cluster of servers. Subsequent traffic received from the client associated with the connection identifier is forwarded to the responding server associated with the connection identifier.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for hosting a series of active connections between Internet Protocol end-points and a system which hosts at least two processes, each process of the system including a similar instruction set constituting a service application and each process having an IP address, wherein at least one process may adopt an active state where a plurality of connections are used for sending and receiving data while at least one other process may adopt a stand-by state where a plurality of connections are not used for sending and receiving data, the method including: