Abstract: Rare-earth metal salts of organic carboxylic acids of this invention constitute themselves phosphors which exhibit unusually high luminescence efficiency, excel in chemical and physical stability and weatherability, show high affinity for other chemical substances and promise extensive usefulness in the field of high-performance luminescent products.

Abstract: A compound selected from some classes of coloring substances having good resistance to light and oxidation is found to have a high photosensitive activity when it is supported in an actively dispersed form on a carrier. The sensitizer obtained is useful for heterogeneous system photosensitive oxidation for various purposes, for example, treatment of harmful organisms or impurities contained in the air or water. The sensitizer has also good resistance to light and oxidation and can be used repeatedly for a long time.

Abstract: A condensation polymer having a .eta.sp/C=0.1-1.5, containing an anthracene unit in the main chain of the polymer, which is found to have various functions of ultraviolet absorption, fluorescence emission, photoconductivity, organic semiconductor characteristics, etc. as well as excellent flexibility and mechanical strength, is prepared by condensation of an anthracenediol compound with a dicarboxylic acid dihalide or a hydrocarbylene dihalide.

Abstract: A persistent photoconductive element comprising an electroconductive support, a pigment layer formed on said support and composed mainly of a phthalocyanine pigment or Indanthrene Blue GCD and a polymer layer formed on said pigment layer and composed mainly of a polyvinyl carbazole, said polymer layer containing at least one member selected from the group consisting of aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons, halogenated acyl compounds, halogenated keto compounds and hydrogen donor compounds. This element exhibits an improved photoconductive sensitivity and prolonged photoconductivity over the prior art, whereby it is highly useful in electrophotographic processes requiring persistent photoconductivity. Additives, such as plasticizer and binding agent, may be incorporated in the polymer and pigment layers to improve the flexibility and mechanical durability of the persistent photoconductive element.

Abstract: An electrophotographic sensitive article comprising an electroconductive substrate and a photoconductive layer formed on said substrate and composed of an electric charge generating substance and an electric charge transfer substance, which sensitive article is characterized by said electric charge transfer substance having as an active component thereof a polyester obtained from a diol component consisting preponderantly of 2,6-dimethoxy-9,10-anthracene diol and a dicarboxylic acid component consisting preponderantly of .alpha.,.omega.-dicarboxylic acid. This electrophotographic sensitive article has remarkable sensitiveness and processability.

Abstract: Rare-earth metal salts of organic carboxylic acids of this invention constitute themselves phosphors which exhibit unusually high luminescence efficiency, excel in chemical and physical stability and weatherability, show high affinity for other chemical substances and promise extensive usefulness in the field of high-performance luminescent products.

Abstract: Manufacture of orthomethylated phenol compounds by the reaction of phenol compounds having a hydrogen atom at the ortho position and methanol is accomplished advantageously by a method which effects the reaction by use of a catalyst comprising (A) iron oxide, (B) indium oxide, and (C) at least one member selected from the group consisting of chromium oxide and silicon oxide. According to this method, the reaction permits the orthomethylated phenol compound to be produced in high yields for a long time because of the catalyst's excellent activity-retaining property. Since the ortho-position selectivity and the utilization ratio of methanol are high and, consequently, the utilization efficiency of raw materials is high, the method of this invention produces the orthomethylated phenol compound with high efficiency from the phenol compounds.

Abstract: Silicon carbide of improved quality is obtained by using a liquid silicic acid or modified liquid silicic acid as a silicic substance and carbon in a powdered form, a precursor of carbon in a powdered form, or a precursor of carbon in the form of a solution as a carbonaceous substance, and thermally treating these raw materials in a non-oxidative atmosphere. The silicon carbide thus produced is finely divided and in high-purity and suitable for use as raw material for the production of high-strength sintered articles.

Abstract: Silicon nitride of improved quality is obtained by using a liquid silicic acid or modified liquid silicic acid as a silicic substance and carbon in a powdered form, a precursor of carbon in a powdered form, or a precursor of carbon in the form of a solution as a carbonaceous substance, and thermally treating these raw materials in a non-oxidative atmosphere containing nitrogen. By this method, .alpha.-type silicon nitride can be easily obtained. Particularly, finely divided .alpha.-type silicon nitride suitable for use as the raw material for the production of high-strength sintered articles is also produced. .alpha.-type silicon nitride whiskers useful as a reinforcing material for ceramic and metallic articles is also obtained.

Abstract: Foamable glass composition suitable for making glass foam, which starts from water glass material and consisting essentially of 100 parts by weight of anhydrous modified sodium silicate and 0.5-4 parts by weight of CaCO.sub.3 as a foaming agent. A foam in the closed-cell form, which is light is in weight, and excellent water resistance, strength and heat resistance, is obtained, wherein CO.sub.2 in a gas existing in the cell is 50% by volume or more.

Abstract: A water repellent inorganic foam is prepared by foaming and setting a foamable composition comprising an aqueous metal phosphate in the presence of a specific compound having hydrophobic groups and functional groups reactive with said metal phosphate.

Abstract: A highly expanded inorganic foam containing discrete cells with an average diameter of 3 mm or less, being non-flammable with excellent thermal insulating property, heat resistant property as well as water resistance is found to be prepared by foaming and setting simultaneously at normal temperature by adding a suitable amount of a polyvalent metal carbonate to a stable aqueous solution dispersion of a metal phosphate with a specific atomic ratio of metal to phosphorus and a specific ratio of metal valences relative to phosphate ion valences.

Abstract: One or more ketoses such as fructose are separated from a solution of sugar mixture containing the ketoses and one or more aldoses by contacting the solution of sugar mixture with an insoluble high polymer having primary amine moieties to remove the aldoses from the liquid phase by bonding the aldoses to the high polymer.

Abstract: A polyamide composition comprising 50 to 95 parts by weight of a polyamide and 50 to 5 parts by weight of an ethylenic copolymer of ethylene, an alkyl ester of unsaturated carboxylic acid, an unsaturated carboxylic acid and a metal salt of unsaturated carboxylic acid has excellent processability such as fluidity at melting and remarkably improved impact strength when molded. The polyamide composition may further contain one or more inorganic materials such as glass fiber without lowering physical properties.

Abstract: A coating composition comprising (a) a hydrophilic copolymer of ethylene, alpha,beta-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid and polyvalent alcohol monoester of alpha,beta-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, (b) a water-soluble base, (c) water, and if required, (d) one or more compounding agents, can form on substrates such as glass, plastics, metals and fibers films having excellent hydrophilic nature, water resistance, surface hardness, resistance to scuffing, adhesion to the substrates, and the like.

Abstract: Laminates of metal-containing copolymers between various kinds of substrates can be prepared with good results, where the copolymers consist of the following monomeric units: ##STR1## WHEREIN M is metal; R is a lower alkyl; R' and R" show, individually, hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl having 1 - 5 carbon atoms; and a, b, c and d are the respective mol numbers of the above-mentioned four units and have the following relations: ##EQU1## AND ##EQU2##