Abstract: A device is provided that includes a subtraction portion that outputs a difference value between a target totalizing value, obtained by accumulating a luminance value of a target pixel up to a current frame, and a reference totalizing value corresponding to a luminance value of a reference pixel, adjacent the target pixel, accumulated up to the current frame; a quantization portion that quantizes the difference value and outputs a quantization value; and a quantization error correction portion that corrects the quantization value at a correction frame selected based on a quantization step of the quantization value and a quantization error of the quantization value.

Abstract: A compression device includes a memory, a compressor, and an adder. The memory has a first area, a second area, and a third area. The first area stores a first totalizing value of a first pixel of a pixel group. The second area stores first selection information corresponding to a first model, selected to calculate a first prediction value corresponding to second totalizing values of peripheral pixels of the pixel group. The third area stores first differences between the second totalizing values and the first predication value. The compressor obtains the second totalizing values based on information stored in the first, second, and third areas. The adder obtains a third totalizing value by adding a first current luminance value of the first pixel to the first totalizing value, and obtains fourth totalizing values by adding second current luminance values of the peripheral pixels to the second totalizing values.

Abstract: A device is provided that includes a subtraction portion that outputs a difference value between a target totalizing value, obtained by accumulating a luminance value of a target pixel up to a current frame, and a reference totalizing value corresponding to a luminance value of a reference pixel, adjacent the target pixel, accumulated up to the current frame; a quantization portion that quantizes the difference value and outputs a quantization value; and a quantization error correction portion that corrects the quantization value at a correction frame selected based on a quantization step of the quantization value and a quantization error of the quantization value.

Abstract: A data transformation device defines a first square submatrix of an m order (m?2) including elements (n, n) in the matrixes A and F being detA?1 and A=GHnHn?1 . . . H1=GF, calculates a first element in the matrix Hi based on elements in a lowest order row of the first square submatrix, defines a second square submatrix of a (m+1) order, and calculates a second element in the matrix Hi based on elements in a lowest order row of the second square submatrix and the first element. The data transformation device calculates all elements in the matrix Hi by iterating processing on the second element until the second square submatrix becomes an n order and calculates elements of the matrix G using elements of matrix A and matrix H1. Then, variable transformation is performed to solve a linear system including n variables and n equations.

Abstract: A photographing apparatus and a photographing method for definitely and easily specifying a marine snow reflected when emitting strobe light in underwater photographing.