Abstract: An image fixing rotatable member includes an elastic layer into which filler material is mixed, the elastic layer having a surface provided with pores with a porosity of 3-50%, and a resin layer applied and sintered on the elastic layer.

Abstract: An elastic rotatable member for conveying a member to be conveyed includes an elastic layer, a resin layer formed on the elastic layer, wherein the resin layer has a portion wherein it has a thickness larger than the other portion to project outwardly. Also, an image fixing apparatus includes an elastic rotatable member including an elastic layer and a resin layer formed on the elastic layer, the resin layer having a portion projected outwardly, and a rotatable member cooperative with the elastic rotatable member to grip and convey a material carrying toner image to be fixed.

Abstract: An elastic rotatable member usable for image fixing includes an elastic layer having a roughened surface, a resin layer formed by applying a liquid resin on the surface of the elastic layer and heating it up to a temperature not lower than its crystalline melting point and then quickly cooling it, wherein the resin layer has a side near the elastic layer, having a number of fine concave and convex portions, and wherein the convex portions are in concave portions of the surface of the elastic layer, and the concave portions of the resin layer is pressed by the convex portions of the elastic layer.

Abstract: An elastic rotatable member, includes an elastic rubber layer, a surface layer of resin formed on the elastic layer, wherein the surface layer is provided by applying resin material together with liquid to a surface of the elastic rubber layer and sintering the resin material by heating the resin material up to a sintering temperature thereof while keeping the elastic rubber layer below its durable temperature, wherein the heating is effected by dielectric heating to heat the resin material up to a higher temperature than that of the rubber layer.

Abstract: An elastic rotatable member usable for image fixing includes an elastic layer having a roughened surface, a resin layer formed by applying a liquid resin on the surface of the elastic layer and heating it up to a temperature not lower than its crystalline melting point and then quickly cooling it, wherein the resin layer has a side near the elastic layer, having a number of fine concave and convex portions, and wherein the convex portions are in concave portions of the surface of the elastic layer, and the concave portions of the resin layer is pressed by the convex portions of the elastic layer.

Abstract: A heat-resistant fabric coated or impregnated with tetrafluoroethylene resin is baked at such a temperature for such a period of time that only the resin layer is baked without impairing the strength of the fabric substrate because the substrate is not subjected to a high temperature for a long time.

Abstract: A waterproof cloth comprising a base cloth made of heat-resistant fibers having a fluorine resin adhering to their surface and a film of a fluorine resin fused integrally to at least one surface of the base cloth. The waterproof cloth can be produced by laying the film on the base cloth and heating them under pressure.

Abstract: An improved composite rubber material having a baked layer of fluorine resin of 10 microns to about 1 millimeter in thickness is proposed. The coated layer of fluorine resin is baked at a temperature over 400.degree. C. for not more than 7 minutes. This assures that the fluorine resin is baked without deteriorating the rubber material.

Abstract: An apparatus for fixing a toner image by transporting a toner image bearing material as it is held between a fixing roll and a compression roll. In the apparatus, which is positioned above the fixing roll, a release agent having a viscosity of 50 to 100,000 cS is applied onto the surface of the fixing roll through a porous fluorocarbon resin membrane having a pore size of 0.01 to 10 .mu.m, a porosity of 35 to 85%, and a thickness of 50 .mu.m to 1 mm. The porous membrane may be located on the inner surface of the bottom of a tank containing the release agent above an opening in the tank bottom.

Abstract: A porous film of polytetrafluoroethylene having an accurately controlled pore diameter and a superior pore diameter distribution, and a process for preparing the film.