Abstract: A surface-treating agent for imparting both water repellency or unsusceptibility to water absorption and excellent antifouling properties to a surface of a material, especially a material for outdoor use; and a material whose surface has been treated with the surface-treating agent.

Abstract: A car system and control method in which transmission shifting is controlled such that synchronizer damage is avoided. A state discrimination device detects or infers the state of each frictional surface of the synchronizers. A synchronizer for forming an intermediate transfer path is selected according to a parameter indicating the state of the frictional surface detected or inferred by the state discrimination device. Engine torque control reduces the engine torque according to a parameter indicating the state detected or inferred by the state discrimination device.

Abstract: When shifting the gear position into a target gear position from a current gear position, some gear position different from said current gear position is used as one distributing gear position. The control unit controls the pressing load of a synchromesh of one distributing gear position to make at least part of the rotation torque from the drive power source transfer by the friction. Thereby it makes at least part of the rotation torque transferred by a synchromesh of the current gear position decrease. And then it moves the synchromesh of said current gear position to a disengaging position not meshed with said idle gear. Thereafter another gear position different from said target gear position and said one distributing gear position is used as another distributing gear position.

Abstract: A power transmission system is provided which can prevent a feeling of inertia travel due to torque transmission interruption occurring when a dog clutch is engaged to shift the speed position, without increasing the axial length of a transmission. An input shaft is connected to a prime mover via a main clutch. Gear pairs are formed by input and output gears arranged on the input shaft and output shafts, respectively. A dog clutch connects one of the gear pairs to the input or output shaft. An auxiliary shaft is connected to the prime mover. Transmission paths are formed on the auxiliary shaft for transmitting the driving force of the prime mover to the output shaft at different gear ratios. In shifting the speed position, an assist clutch supplies the driving force to the output shaft via the auxiliary shaft and a selected transmission path.

Abstract: The state discrimination means 301 detects or infers the state of each frictional surface of the synchronizeres 51, 52, - - - , and 56. The synchronizer selection means 302 selects a synchronizer for forming an intermediate transfer path according to a parameter indicating the state of the frictional surface detected or inferred by the state discrimination means 301. The engine torque control means 303 reduces the engine torque according to a parameter indicating the state detected or inferred by the state discrimination means 301.

Abstract: When shifting the gear position into a target gear position from a current gear position, some gear position different from said current gear position is used as one distributing gear position. The control unit controls the pressing load of a synchromesh of one distributing gear position to make at least part of the rotation torque from the drive power source transfer by the friction. Thereby it makes at least part of the rotation torque transferred by a synchromesh of the current gear position decrease. And then it moves the synchromesh of said current gear position to a disengaging position not meshed with said idle gear. Thereafter another gear position different from said target gear position and said one distributing gear position is used as another distributing gear position.

Abstract: A power transmission system having first to third gear pairs, each having an input gear arranged on an input shaft and an output gear arranged on an output shaft. First to third synchromeshes that may disconnect a corresponding one of the first to third gear pairs from either the input or output shaft, or perform a baulking operation for power transmission until the rotation of a corresponding one of the gear pairs and input or out shaft are synchronized, and/or connect a corresponding one of the gear pairs and either the input or output shaft by meshed engagement. When a speed position of the transmission is shifted from an M-th speed to an L-th speed, the third synchromesh moves toward the third gear pair by a predetermined amount without engaging the third gear pair so as to transmit a driving force from the input shaft to the out pout shaft.

Abstract: A power transmission system capable of preventing a feeling of inertia travel caused by torque transmission interruption, without increasing the axial length of a transmission, thereby improving the speed position-shifting performance of the transmission, includes a plurality of gear pairs and synchromeshes connecting the plurality of gear pairs to an input or output shaft. A driving force assist mechanism supplies the driving force of a prime mover to the output shaft during a shift in speed position and a supplemental driving force has an auxiliary shaft arranged in parallel with the input and output shaft. An intermediate gear is connected to the input shaft and integrally formed with the auxiliary shaft. Auxiliary gears are connected to the output shaft and rotatably arranged on the auxiliary shaft. An assist clutch fastens one of the auxiliary gears to the auxiliary shaft during the shift in speed position.

Abstract: A power transmission system is provided which can prevent a feeling of inertia travel due to torque transmission interruption occurring when a dog clutch is engaged to shift the speed position, without increasing the axial length of a transmission. An input shaft is connected to a prime mover via a main clutch. Gear pairs are formed by input and output gears arranged on the input shaft and output shafts, respectively. A dog clutch connects one of the gear pairs to the input or output shaft. An auxiliary shaft is connected to the prime mover. Transmission paths are formed on the auxiliary shaft for transmitting the driving force of the prime mover to the output shaft at different gear ratios. In shifting the speed position, an assist clutch supplies the driving force to the output shaft via the auxiliary shaft and a selected transmission path.

Abstract: There is provided a power transmission system which is capable of positively preventing a feeling of inertia travel from being caused by torque transmission interruption which conventionally occurred when a dog clutch is engaged in shifting the speed position of a transmission, without increasing the axial length of a transmission, thereby improving the speed position-shifting performance of the transmission. The transmission of the power transmission system includes a plurality of gear pairs for three or more speed positions, formed by input gears arranged on an input shaft, and output gears arranged on an output shaft, respectively, and synchromeshes of a dog clutch type for connecting the plurality of gear pairs to the input shaft or the output shaft.

Abstract: There is provided a power transmission system which is capable of positively preventing a driver from having a feeling of inertia travel due to torque transmission interruption during an up-shifting operation, simply by using synchromeshes alone and without increasing the axial length of a transmission. This power transmission system includes first to third gear pairs each having an input gear arranged on an input shaft and an output gear arranged on an output shaft, and first to third synchromeshes each capable of performing disconnecting operation for disconnecting a corresponding one of the first to third gear pairs from the input shaft or the output shaft, baulking operation for power transmission until rotations of the corresponding one of the gear pairs and the input shaft or the output shaft are synchronized, and connecting operation for connecting between the corresponding one of the gear pairs and the input shaft or the output shaft by meshed engagement.