Abstract: A solid non-polar capacitor having excellent electrical characteristics such as high capacitance, which includes an electrode formed from a conductor having a porous surface, a dielectric layer formed from an insulating polymer thin film on the porous surface of the conductor, and a counter electrode formed from an electrically conductive layer on the surface of the dielectric layer. Preferably, the electrically conductive layer constituting the counter electrode consists of an electrically conductive polymer film prepared by chemical oxidation polymerization and an electrically conductive polymer layer prepared by electrolytic polymerization.

Abstract: Improved alumina-zirconia composite sintered materials with sufficient high mechanical strength and thermal shock resistance as well as excellent hardwearing resistance are made by mixing, heating and melting zirconia and alumina, then the produced melt was quenched, and the resulting solid was ground and milled while adding thereto at least one compound of ceria and/or titania, to an average grain size of from about 0.5 to about 1.5 .mu.m, and subjected the resulting powder to molding and sintering at a temperature of from 1450.degree. to about 1600.degree. C., said zirconia, ceria and titania being employed in the amount of about 10-20%, about 3-7%, and about 15-25% by weight, respectively, plus the balance of alumina. Said sintered materials are useful for employment in structural materials, refractorial materials, erosion resistance materials, cutting tool materials, grinding and polishing materials, etc.

Abstract: A charge transfer complex comprising N,N'-alkylene-di-3,5-lutidine as a donor and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane as an acceptor, the molar ratio of the acceptor to the donor of the charge transfer complex being between 3.0 and 5.0 has a high melting point and excellent electrical conductivity as an electrolyte for a capacitor. A solid electrolytic capacitor employing said charge transfer complex has reduced current leakage and high temperature load characteristics. A chip-type solid electrolytic capacitor employing said charge transfer complex has reduced current leakage, high temperature load characteristics and excellent thermal stability and life characteristics.

Abstract: Alumina-zirconia composite sintered materials having sufficient high-temperature strength and thermal shock resistance as well as excellent mechanical strength are made by mixing Bayer alumina and/or bauxite as an alumina and baddeleyite and/or zircon sand as a zirconia material in amounts of 50 to 95% by weight of alumina, the balance being zirconia, respectively, subjecting the mixture to heating, melting and quenching, grinding the resulting solid to an average grain size of 10 .mu.m or smaller, and subjecting the resulting powder to molding and sintering.

Abstract: A solid electrolytic capacitor having excellent characteristics in terms of both electrical properties and thermal stability is obtained by employing a solid electrolyte comprising both an electrically conductive polymer layer (I) formed by a chemical oxidation method and an electrically conductive polymer layer (II) formed by an electrochemical oxidation method.

Abstract: A charge transfer complex having excellent electrical conductivity and thermal stability is obtained by employing an isoquinoline substituted by an amyl radical at its N-position as a donor and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane as an acceptor. In the process for preparation of said charge transfer complex, amyliodide and isoquinoline are reacted with each other in an organic solvent or no solvent and the product obtained by the reaction is reacted with 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane in an organic solvent. Also disclosed is a solid electrolytic capacitor which employs said charge transfer complex as an electrolyte.

Abstract: Highly pure chlorine dioxide is generated very efficiently and safely in a single generator-crystallizer by reducing an alkali metal chlorate with chloride ion in a strong acid in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and a complex catalyst of palladium (II) with chloride ion.

Abstract: From a chlorate cell liquor containing an alkali metal chlorate, an alkali metal chloride and Cr(VI) ions, Cr(VI) ions are recovered by means of a combination of simple chemical procedures and re-used in an electrolysis step for manufacturing an alkali metal chlorate.

Abstract: Concentration of chlorine and chlorine dioxide in either one or both of a gaseous mixture or an aqueous solution is automatically determined by using a gas-liquid chromatograph and a microcomputer with or without a gas-liquid phase equilibrator.

Abstract: Chlorine dioxide is generated very efficiently and safely by reducing an alkali metal chlorate with hydrochloric acid in a single generator-crystallizer in the presence of a chloropalladinate(II) complex catalyst or a mixed catalyst consisting of said chloropalladinate(II) complex catalyst and a compound or ions selected from the group consisting of vanadium pentoxide, manganese ions, dichromate ions, lead ions, and arsenic ions.

Abstract: Chlorine dioxide is generated very efficiently and safely by reducing a chlorate in a strong acid in the presence of a catalyst containing thallium ions together with palladium ions or silver ions.

Abstract: Chlorine dioxide is generated very efficiently and safely by reducing a chlorate in a strong acid in the presence of a complex catalyst consisting of palladium(II) and an amino acid or an alkali metal salt thereof.

Abstract: Chlorine dioxide is generated very efficiently and safely by reducing a chlorate in a strong acid in the presence of a complex catalyst consisting of palladium (II) and a .beta.-diketone.

Abstract: From a ruthenium-containing substance, sparingly soluble in any of water, acid solutions and basic solutions, flaked off used metal electrodes comprising a substrate of a corrosion-resistant metal coated with ruthenium metal or a compound thereof, ruthenium is recovered in the form of metal or a compound thereof, soluble in such media as described hereabove, easily and with a high percent recovery by means of a combination of simple chemical procedures and also inexpensive chemicals and in a short period of time. The recovered ruthenium metal or compound thereof can be reused for recoating used metal electrodes and the like.