Abstract: A base material is subjected to a low-temperature tempering treatment at a temperature equal to or less than 300° C. After the tempering treatment, a coating is applied to the base material by a sputtering method.

Abstract: A coating apparatus includes a coating member, a pressing member, an abutment member, and a restriction member. The coating member coats a sheet with a coating agent. The pressing member is movable and abuts on the coating member to form a nip. The abutment member abuts on the coating member at a position different from a position of the nip. The restriction member restricts movement of the coating member in a separation direction in which the coating member separates from the abutment member.

Abstract: A conveyance device includes a tray on an upper surface of the conveyance device and an upper guide below the tray. The tray receives a sheet, and the upper guide defines a conveyance path in which the sheet is conveyed. The upper guide is movable together with the tray to open the conveyance path.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a recording medium stacker, an application unit, an image forming unit and a sheet reverse passage. The recording medium stacker is configured to stack a recording medium. The application unit is configured to apply a treatment liquid to the recording medium. The image forming unit is disposed downstream from the application unit in a conveyance direction of the recording medium. The image forming unit being configured to form an image on the recording medium. The sheet reverse passage is configured to reverse the recording medium after the recording medium passes through the image forming unit to re-convey the recording medium to the application unit.

Abstract: A coating apparatus includes a coating member, a pressing member, an abutment member, and a restriction member. The coating member coats a sheet with a coating agent. The pressing member is movable and abuts on the coating member to form a nip. The abutment member abuts on the coating member at a position different from a position of the nip. The restriction member restricts movement of the coating member in a separation direction in which the coating member separates from the abutment member.

Abstract: A conveyance device includes a tray on an upper surface of the conveyance device and an upper guide below the tray. The tray receives a sheet, and the upper guide defines a conveyance path in which the sheet is conveyed. The upper guide is movable together with the tray to open the conveyance path.

Abstract: Provided herein is a method for forming a periodic microstructure on a surface of zirconia-based ceramics, which are not easily mechanically workable, without causing thermal adverse effects. A zirconia-based ceramic having a surface periodic microstructure is also provided. A linearly or circularly polarized laser beam is irradiated to a zirconia-based ceramic surface, and periodic irregularities are formed in a spot of the laser beam. Stripe-pattern irregularities parallel to the direction of polarization can be formed in a spot of a laser beam by irradiating a linearly polarized ultrashort pulsed-laser beam to a zirconia-based ceramic surface. A mesh-like raised region and a dot-like recessed region can be periodically formed by irradiating a circularly polarized ultrashort pulsed-laser beam to a ceramic surface.

Abstract: A coater includes a coating device and a rotator. The coating device is configured to apply a coating liquid on a sheet material. The rotator is configured to contact a coated surface of the sheet material to which the coating liquid is applied in the coating device. The rotator has a plurality of fine particles on a circumferential surface of the rotator.

Abstract: A feeding device includes a plurality of suction units, disposed above a conveyed medium stacked on a stacker, to attract the conveyed medium. At least one of the plurality of suction units includes a rotary fan including a board and a plurality of walls extending from the board; and a driver to rotate the rotary fan. The at least one of the plurality of suction units generates a vortex air with a side of the board with the plurality of walls directed to the conveyed medium. The at least one of the plurality of suction units being a suction unit generates a vortex air.

Abstract: A feeding device to feed a conveyed medium stacked on a stacker, includes a first suction unit, a second suction unit, and third suction units. The first suction unit includes a suction chamber; a suction fan to exhaust air from the suction chamber; and a first driver to rotate the suction fan. The suction units are disposed above the conveyed medium stacked on the stacker. The second suction unit includes a rotary fan including a board and a plurality of walls extending from the board; and a second driver to rotate the rotary fan. The second suction unit generates a vortex flow directed to the conveyed medium. The plurality of third suction units is disposed in a direction perpendicular to a conveyance direction of the conveyed medium and attracts ends of the conveyed medium in the direction perpendicular to the conveyance direction.

Abstract: Provided herein is a method for forming a periodic microstructure on a surface of zirconia-based ceramics, which are not easily mechanically workable, without causing thermal adverse effects. A zirconia-based ceramic having a surface periodic microstructure is also provided. A linearly or circularly polarized laser beam is irradiated to a zirconia-based ceramic surface, and periodic irregularities are formed in a spot of the laser beam. Stripe-pattern irregularities parallel to the direction of polarization can be formed in a spot of a laser beam by irradiating a linearly polarized ultrashort pulsed-laser beam to a zirconia-based ceramic surface. A mesh-like raised region and a dot-like recessed region can be periodically formed by irradiating a circularly polarized ultrashort pulsed-laser beam to a ceramic surface.

Abstract: A feeding device includes a plurality of suction units, disposed above a conveyed medium stacked on a stacker, to attract the conveyed medium. At least one of the plurality of suction units includes a rotary fan including a board and a plurality of walls extending from the board; and a driver to rotate the rotary fan. The at least one of the plurality of suction units generates a vortex air with a side of the board with the plurality of walls directed to the conveyed medium. The at least one of the plurality of suction units being a suction unit generates a vortex air.

Abstract: A feeding device to feed a conveyed medium stacked on a stacker, includes a first suction unit, a second suction unit, and third suction units. The first suction unit includes a suction chamber; a suction fan to exhaust air from the suction chamber; and a first driver to rotate the suction fan. The suction units are disposed above the conveyed medium stacked on the stacker. The second suction unit includes a rotary fan including a board and a plurality of walls extending from the board; and a second driver to rotate the rotary fan. The second suction unit generates a vortex flow directed to the conveyed medium. The plurality of third suction units is disposed in a direction perpendicular to a conveyance direction of the conveyed medium and attracts ends of the conveyed medium in the direction perpendicular to the conveyance direction.

Abstract: A controller controls an ink liquid feeding operation performed by an ink pump from a negative pressure tank to a pressure tank, and an ink replenishing operation performed by an ink replenisher according to a liquid level in each of the pressure tank and the negative pressure tank so that, during purging, the liquid level in each of the pressure tank and the negative pressure tank is maintained at a reference level.

Abstract: A controller controls an ink liquid feeding operation performed by an ink pump from a negative pressure tank to a pressure tank, and an ink replenishing operation performed by an ink replenisher according to a liquid level in each of the pressure tank and the negative pressure tank so that, during purging, the liquid level in each of the pressure tank and the negative pressure tank is maintained at a reference level.

Abstract: A controller regulates pressures of a positive pressure space and a negative pressure space and maintains the pressures at setting pressures when ink is circulated in a circulation path, by: driving an air pump to apply the setting pressures to the positive pressure space and the negative pressure space; and after the setting pressures are applied, controlling opening and closing of a positive-pressure-side pressure regulation valve, opening and closing of a negative-pressure-side pressure regulation valve, and driving of the air pump according to the pressures in the positive pressure space and the negative pressure space, and opening the positive-pressure-side pressure regulation valve or the negative-pressure-side pressure regulation valve simultaneously with the driving of the air pump.

Abstract: A controller regulates pressures of a positive pressure space and a negative pressure space and maintains the pressures at setting pressures when ink is circulated in a circulation path, by: driving an air pump to apply the setting pressures to the positive pressure space and the negative pressure space; and after the setting pressures are applied, controlling opening and closing of a positive-pressure-side pressure regulation valve, opening and closing of a negative-pressure-side pressure regulation valve, and driving of the air pump according to the pressures in the positive pressure space and the negative pressure space, and opening the positive-pressure-side pressure regulation valve or the negative-pressure-side pressure regulation valve simultaneously with the driving of the air pump.