Abstract: A spout assembly with a spout and a cap. The spout has a cylindrical sidewall; a cylindrical base at the lower end of the sidewall and having a larger outer diameter than the sidewall; and a disk-like flange extending outward from the lower end of the base. The cap has a cylindrical peripheral wall with an internal thread and is screwed onto the upper end side of the spout sidewall. The spout sidewall also has a projection formed between the external thread and the recess so as to extend circumferentially and have a height lower than a height of the external thread, and with the cap screwed onto the spout, at least a portion of an upper surface of the base fits an inner side of a peripheral wall of the cap.

Abstract: A spout assembly that is better prevented from breaking due to ultrasonic vibration during welding and is more readily separated from a packaging container when being broken down, and a packaging container with the spout assembly. A spout assembly includes a spout and a cap. The spout has a cylindrical sidewall; a cylindrical base provided at the lower end of the sidewall and having a larger outer diameter than the sidewall; and a disk-like flange extending outward from the lower end of the base. The cap has a cylindrical peripheral wall with an internal thread and is screwed from the upper end side of the spout sidewall. The spout sidewall has an external thread engaging the internal thread of the cap and a recess located between the external thread and the base.

Abstract: A pour spout that is sufficiently rigid to be prevented from breaking due to ultrasonic vibrations during welding and that is readily separated from a packaging container being broken down, and a packaging container with the pour spout. The pour spout includes a cylindrical sidewall and a disk-like flange extending outwardly from one end of the sidewall. The flange has a to-be-cut portion that is a recess arranged annularly, and a rib disposed at an annular projection or at the to-be-cut portion.

Abstract: An alloy catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell, comprising at least Pd, Co, and Au, wherein each content of Pd, Co, and Au satisfies 20 atomic %?Pd<70 atomic %, 30 atomic %?Co<70 atomic %, and 0 atomic %<Au?30 atomic %.

Abstract: An electrode catalyst comprising a conductive carrier, and a mixture containing a particulate noble metal and at least one particulate rare-earth oxide, the mixture being supported on the conductive carrier wherein the particulate rare-earth oxide has an alkaline-earth metal as solid solution therein.

Abstract: Thermoelectric materials with a high Seebeck coefficient and a large power factor are provided. The materials are impact resistant and resistant to heat-distortion. Such materials include a rare earth element, Bi, and Te and have a rhombohedral crystal structure. In some examples, the rare earth element is selected from the group consisting of Ce, Sm and Yb. Such materials can be formed as films with a thickness of from 0.01 to 500 ?m on a resin substrate. Production methods may include laminating different types of layers of thickness of 20 nm or less and heat-treating the resultant composition-modulated composite. The material may be separated from a substrate for sintering.

Abstract: Thermoelectric materials with a high Seebeck coefficient and a large power factor are provided. The materials are impact resistant and resistant to heat-distortion. Such materials include a rare earth element, Bi, and Te and have a rhombohedral crystal structure. In some examples, the rare earth element is selected from the group consisting of Ce, Sm and Yb. Such materials can be formed as films with a thickness of from 0.01 to 500 ?m on a resin substrate. Production methods may include laminating different types of layers of thickness of 20 nm or less and heat-treating the resultant composition-modulated composite. The material may be separated from a substrate for sintering.

Abstract: An electrode catalyst comprising a conductive carrier, and a mixture containing a particulate noble metal and at least one particulate rare-earth oxide, the mixture being supported on the conductive carrier wherein the particulate rare-earth oxide has an alkaline-earth metal as solid solution therein.

Abstract: A thermoelectric material having a high Seeback coefficient and a large power factor and excellent in shock resistance, thermal strain resistance, and formability, and a thermoelectric element are disclosed. The thermoelectric material and thermoelectric element is composed of a multilayered body made up of a laminar body of a semimetal, a metal, or a synthetic resin and a laminar body of a semimetal. The average thickness of the laminar bodies ranges from 0.3 nm to 1000 nm. Embodiments of the combination of the laminar bodies are Bi—Al, Bi-polyamide series resin, and Ag—Fe. Such a multilayered body is manufactured by forming an initial multilayered body composed of all the types of laminar bodies constituting the multilayered body and rolling or uniaxially pressing a stack of such initial multilayered bodies.

Abstract: A phase change optical disk having a reflectance relation of Rc<Ra and is adapted such that high recording characteristic can be obtained starting at a first recording time even when a recording operation is carried out without conducting an initialization process. For this purpose, a multiple reflection layer (2), a first dielectric layer (3), a recording layer (4), a second dielectric layer (5), a reflecting layer (6) and an UV curable resin layer (7) are provided on a substrate (1). The recording layer (4) is deposited at a temperature of the substrate during the deposition of the recording layer set to a temperature which makes the recording layer into a stable amorphous conditions and which is lower than a crystallizing temperature of the recording layer. Thus, the recording layer (4) is deposited into a stable amorphous state.

Abstract: A phase-change recording medium having a recording layer (4) made of a Ge--Sb--Te alloy, comprises an interface reflection control layer (3) provided on a laser beam incident side of the recording layer (4). The interface reflection control layer (3) has an extinction coefficient k and a refractive index n, simultaneously satisfying: k.gtoreq.0.22n+0.14, k.ltoreq.0.88n-0.19, and n.ltoreq.2.8. From the foregoing, it follows that the intensity ratio between the reflected wave from and the incident wave on the interface between the recording layer (4) and the interface reflection control layer (3) is led to a specified range.As a result, for the recording layer (4) the ratio (Ac/Aa) of the light absorption rate (Ac) in the crystalline state to the light absorption rate (Aa) in the amorphous state increases. Furthermore, the optical contrast also has a sufficiently high value. It is therefore possible to produce a high quality readout signal in recording by overwriting.

Abstract: A method for recording and erasing information by irradiating a specific recording medium with a single laser beam, which is applied with two different intensities respectively for crystallizing a recording layer of the recording medium and for amorphizing a recording layer of the recording medium. According to the present invention, both the recording of information and the erasing of information can be simply performed using a single laser beam by changing only its intensity between the two different laser beam intensities according to a laser beam intensity pattern corresponding to predetermined information.The recording material comprises Sb, Te, Ge and at least one element selected from the group consisting of Pb, Bi, In, Sn and Tl.

Abstract: An information recording medium comprising a substrate and superimposed thereon a recording layer composed of Sb, Te and Ge has been found to be advantageously employed, because of its high thermal stability as well as high sensitivity and high S/N ratio, in a system of recording information by exposing an energy beam to a recording medium to cause the exposed areas to be different in optical extinction coefficient from the non-exposed areas.

Abstract: An information recording material comprising a substrate, a metallic recording layer composed mainly of Bi and a Cr layer interposed therebetween has been found to be extremely excellent in C/N ratio as well as in storage stability and archivability. The information recording material of this type can be advantageously employed for video image signal memory, still video recording, and the like.

Abstract: An information recording material comprising a substrate and a metallic recording layer, the metallic recording layer comprising a Bi film containing at least one rare earth element. The information recording material exhibits a remarkably increased sensitivity while maintaining a high S/N ratio. Where the information recording material further comprises at least one stabilizing layer of a metal oxide and/or at least one mixture layer of a metallic compound and a metal, further improvements can be attained with respect to S/N ratio, storage stability and archivability.

Abstract: A machining system includes machine tools each capable of performing, in a working area thereof, machining on a workpiece carried on a pallet, a pallet magazine including movable stations each capable of carrying and conveying a pallet and having pallet change positions each associated with each of the machine tools, pallet changers each associated with each of the machine tools and each capable of transferring a pallet between the working area of the associated machine tool and the associated pallet change position, numerical control devices each associated with each of the machine tools and each capable of storing part programs and of controlling the associated machine tool, and a system controller comprising first memory for storing, in relation to each of schedule numbers indicating order of machining, an indicium of a pallet carrying a workpiece to be machined in the related order and an indicium of a part program to be used for machining the related pallet, and second memory for storing, in relation to

Abstract: While machining a workpiece with a tool of a machine tool according to a numerically controlled machining program, when the tool breaks, the workpiece is removed from the machine tool and a new workpiece is substituted. A new program for the new workpiece is selected and a new tool for machining the new workpiece is selected and substituted for the broken tool. Now the new workpiece is machined in accordance with a new program. The workpieces removed from the machine tool are collected, fragments of the broken tools are removed therefrom, and then machined again. A tool magazine containing a plurality of tools is provided. Broken tools are removed from the machine tool and returned to the tool magazine. When all tools in the tool magazine are judged to be broken, new tools of the same type are supplemented. When the tools are worn out similar steps are executed.