Abstract: An optical device capable of optically coupling an optical element to be mounted to an optical waveguide circuit with low transmission losses is provided. On a base (20) provided with a substrate (1), a positioning pattern (15) made of a Pt film, a high melting point material having a melting point higher than a temperature of consolidating glass, is formed. Then, glass layers are formed by depositing glass particles by flame hydrolysis deposition and consolidating the deposited glass particles. The glass layers cover the top of the positioning pattern (15) and the base (20). The glass layers on the top and the periphery of the positioning pattern (15) are removed to expose the positioning pattern (15) and the base (20) therearound. The exposed area is to be a optical element mounting face 4. The positioning pattern (15) allows a light receiving device (8) to be positioned and fixed on the optical element mounting face 4 accurately.

Abstract: A hybrid optical waveguide circuit chip capable of predicting optical characteristics of a first optical waveguide circuit connected to optical elements where it is difficult to measure the optical characteristics. In the chip, a second optical waveguide circuit is disposed adjacent to the first optical waveguide circuit. One end face of the second optical waveguide circuit is terminated at one chip end face A of the chips, and at least one of the optical waveguide end faces at the other side of the second optical waveguide circuit is terminated at the other chip end face B of the chip, wherein the optical characteristics of the second optical waveguide circuit are measured, and the measured values are predicted as substantial optical characteristics of the first optical waveguide.

Abstract: An optical waveguide component includes at least one main waveguide through which signal light and regenerating light propagate and a branch waveguide branching from the main waveguide, which are formed on the same substrate; a filter element disposed at a branch portion of these waveguides; and a plurality of reflecting elements having two reflecting faces, which are arranged in the extending direction of the branch waveguide. In the optical waveguide component, one reflecting face of the two reflecting faces is a face for reflecting the regenerating light to the filter element, and the other face is a face for reflecting the regenerating light to the direction deviating from the light axis direction of the branch waveguide, or the intervals between the reflecting elements are different from each other. This optical waveguide component enables the time-series signal processing of regenerating light to be performed accurately.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of manufacturing an optical component, having the steps of forming a first position aligning pattern on a surface of a substrate, forming a second position aligning recess-projection pattern conforming with the first position aligning pattern and a third position aligning recess-projection pattern having a predetermined positional relationship with the second position aligning recess-projection pattern, and applying a predetermined processing with the third position aligning recess-projection pattern used as a reference under a predetermined positional relationship with the first position aligning pattern.

Abstract: An optical line monitoring method and an apparatus for locating a failure point in an optical communication system, wherein a plurality of types of inspection light rays having wavelengths which are determined by cut-off wavelengths, which differ from each other, of short-wavelength pass filters installed at a plurality of branched ports of an optical coupler/splitter of the communication system are sent from a light source having variable wavelengths into one or more corresponding optical fiber lines of the system in sequence via an optical directional coupler and the optical coupler/splitter. Each time reflected light, corresponding to the inspection light, from one or more optical fiber lines is received, an output representing the intensity level of the reflected light is sent from a light receiver to an arithmetic circuit and stored in the arithmetic circuit.

Abstract: An optical coupler/splitter having an optical waveguide on the side of light incidence, two optical waveguides on the branched side, branched from the former optical waveguide and each having straight and curved sections, and a dielectric multi-layer film filter provided in a manner crossing the latter waveguides and common to them. The filter is so formed as to intersect with a straight section of one waveguide and with a curved section of the other, so that respective crossing angles between the filter and the branched optical waveguides differ from each other, thereby providing different reflection or transmission characteristics with respect to the branched optical waveguides. An optical signal having a variable wavelength and issued from a measuring apparatus based on the backscattering method is distinguished by the common filter of the coupler/splitter, making it possible to perform measurement of the losses of the branched optical waveguides independently without being affected by interference light.

Abstract: A precision driving apparatus of the type comprising a pinion and a rack in mesh with the pinion is improved to assure always a good engagement between the pinion and the rack throughout the length of the rack. The rack is formed by monoblock molding of synthetic resin material so as to comprise, as the integral parts thereof, a tooth part, a base part, a connection part and a distance limitation part. The connection part elastically connects the tooth part and base part at both ends thereof in such manner that the tooth part may be displaced only in the direction normal to the direction in which the rack is moved, without any deformation of the tooth part itself.

Abstract: The present invention relates to 15-cycloalkyl-prostaglandins of the formula: ##STR1## wherein A represents a grouping of the formula: ##STR2## W represents ethylene or trans-vinylene, X represents ethylene or cis-vinylene, Y represents ethylene or trans-vinylene, R represents a hydrogen atom or a straight- or branched-chain alkyl group containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl or ethyl group, R.sup.2 represents a straight- or branched-chain alkyl group containing from 2 to 8 carbon atoms or a phenyl group unsubstituted or substituted by an alkyl group containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom or a straight- or branched-chain alkyl group containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and n represents 4 or 5 and cyclodextrin clathrates of such acids and esters and, when R represents a hydrogen atom, non-toxic salts thereof.These new compounds exhibit characteristic prostaglandin-like activities.

Abstract: The present invention relates to 15-cycloalkyl-prostaglandins of the formula: ##STR1## WHEREIN A represents a grouping of the formula: ##STR2## W represents ethylene or trans-vinylene, X represents ethylene or cis-vinylene, Y represents ethylene or trans-vinylene, R represents a hydrogen atom or a straight- or branched-chain alkyl group containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl or ethyl group, R.sup.2 represents a straight- or branched-chain alkyl group containing from 2 to 8 carbon atoms or a phenyl group unsubstituted or substituted by an alkyl group containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom or a straight- or branched-chain alkyl group containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and n represents 4 or 5) and cyclodextrin clathrates of such acids and esters and, when R represents a hydrogen atom, non-toxic salts thereof.These new compounds exhibit characteristic prostaglandin-like activities.

Abstract: Prostaglandin compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein A represents a grouping of formula II, III or IV indicated below and (i)R.sub.1 represents an unsubstituted n-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl or n-heptyl radical, or such a radical carrying one, two or three alkyl substituents of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or R.sub.1 represents a methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl radical carrying a phenyl, cyclohexyl or cyclopentyl substituent, R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R.sub.3 represents a hydrogen atom, or (ii) R.sub.1 represents n-butyl, or n-butyl or n-pentyl carrying one, two or three alkyl substituents of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or R.sub.1 represents a methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl radical carrying a phenyl, cyclohexyl or cyclopentyl substituent, R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R.sub.3 represents an alkyl radical of 1 to 4 carbon atoms are disclosed. These compounds exhibit characteristic prostaglandin-like activity.

Abstract: New prostaglandin analogues having therapeutic utility of the formula: ##SPC1##(wherein B is a grouping of the formula: ##SPC2##X is --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -- or cis --CH=CH--, Y is trans --CH=CH-- or, when X is --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, Y is additionally --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, A is alkyl of 1 through 3 carbon atoms, n is 4 or 5, and indicates attachment of the hydroxy radical to the carbon atom in alpha or beta configuration), and alkyl esters thereof, and cyclodextrin clathrates of such acids and esters, and non-toxic salts of such acids.

Abstract: Prostaglandin compounds of the formula: ##SPC1##Wherein A represents a grouping of formula II, III or IV indicated below and (i)R.sub.1 represents an unsubstituted n-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl or n-heptyl radical, or such a radical carrying one, two or three alkyl substituents of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or R.sub.1 represents a methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl radical carrying a phenyl, cyclohexyl or cyclopentyl substituent, R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R.sub.3 represents a hydrogen atom, or (ii) R.sub.1 represents n-butyl, or n-butyl or n-pentyl carrying one, two or three alkyl substituents of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or R.sub.1 represents a methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl radical carrying a phenyl, cyclohexyl or cyclopentyl substituent, R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R.sub.3 represents an alkyl radical of 1 to 4 carbon atoms are disclosed. These compounds exhibit characteristic prostaglandin-like activity.