Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing ultra-pure water, an apparatus for producing said ultra-pure water and a process for using the ultra-pure water produced according to said process. More particularly, the present invention relates to a process for producing ultra-pure water which comprises boiling a raw water to vaporize off the volatile components from the raw water, subsequently generating steam from the water, contacting the steam with a hydrophobic, porous, gas-permeable and liquid-impermeable membrane to make the steam permeate the membrane, and then condensing the steam, as well as to an apparatus for producing said ultra-pure water and a process for using said ultra-pure water.

Abstract: An apparatus for deaerating condensate in a condenser employed in a steam turbine plant, an open conduit to permit the condensate to flow to a covered conduit covered so that the condensate cannot flow therein without passing the open conduit. The condensate is heated in the open conduit, resulting in more effective and quicker deaeration of the condensate and as well as a shortened start up of the plant.

Abstract: Apparatus for removing foreign matter in liquid which includes a cylindrical housing, a radial inlet pipe provided on an upper portion of the housing, an outlet pipe axially mounted on the housing at the upper portion, a conical cylindrical filter disposed in the housing and connected to the end of the outlet pipe so as to discharge the liquid from the inlet pipe through said filter and the outlet pipe, a deflector for deflecting the liquid from the inlet pipe so as to swirl it round the filter, and an extracting pipe provided on the housing at the bottom portion. The filter extends conically from the inlet pipe or outlet pipe toward the bottom of the casing. The liquid from the inlet pipe is swirled by the operation of the deflector and directed downward by the position of the filter while swirling. The foreign matter in the liquid and deposited on the filter are swirled by the swirling liquid, condensed by centrifugal force and downward movement.

Abstract: A condenser for a steam turbine expels the oxygen-containing gas residing in the condensate passage in the hot well thereof by a scavenging steam. The oxygen-containing gas is expelled by the scavenging gas, which is introduced into the atmosphere in the condensate passage and arranged to flow counter to the condensate flow. The scavenging means includes a steam pipe attached in a vicinity of an outlet of the condensate passage in the hot well, and a valve device provided in the intermediate portion of the steam pipe.

Abstract: A foreign matter removing apparatus for removing foreign matters from cooling water such as sea water taken as the cooling water for the condenser of, for example, a power generating plant. The apparatus has an inversed frusto-conical barrel, a filter of a substantially same form as the barrel and disposed in the latter, a cooling water inlet pipe connected to a side portion of the barrel, a cooling water outlet pipe connected to an upper portion of the barrel, a foreign matter discharge pipe connected to a lower side portion of the barrel, and a butterfly valve disposed in the cooling water inlet at which the cooling water inlet pipe is connected to the barrel. The foreign matter discharge pipe is periodically opened while varying the opening degree or angular position of the butterfly valve thereby to remove and discharge foreign matters from the filter surface.

Abstract: A method and system for cleaning cooling tubes of a heat transfer unit including a steam chamber through which the cooling tubes extend and into which steam generated in a steam power generating plant is introduced so as to exchange heat with a cooling water flowing through the cooling tubes. Cleaning bodies are introduced into the cooling water and then distributed to the cooling tubes so as to clean the latter. The cooling tubes are divided into a plurality of groups, with each group including a plurality of the cooling tubes having the same trends of cleanliness. The cleaning bodies are respectively introduced to the groups in respective quantities suitable for cleaning the cooling tubes of each group in dependence upon the particular degree of cleanliness of the cooling tubes of the respective groups.

Abstract: A sorting apparatus for sorting elastic balls for cleaning the inner surfaces of heat transfer tubes of a heat exchanger.

Abstract: In a cleaning system for heat conductive conduits of a heat exchanger, a great number of balls are circulated through the conduits for mechanically removing incrustations formed on the inner surfaces of the conduits. In order to automatically operate the cleaning system, there are provided with ball counters, one of which counts the number of balls actually circulating the system and the other count the number of balls to be withdrawn out of the system or replaced with new balls because of worn out or breakage. The number of balls circulating is always maintained at a certain level necessary for effective cleaning by a controller which actuates various valves to maintain the number of balls in response to the signal generated by the ball counters.

Abstract: A method of monitoring the performance of a condenser and a system for carrying such method into practice, wherein a cooling water temperature, a cooling water flow rate, a condenser temperature and/or a heat flux through walls of cooling water tubes of the condenser are sensed by sensors to obtain values representing the operating conditions of the condenser, and an overall heat transmission coefficient or a heat transfer rate of the cooling water tubes is calculated at an arithmetic unit from the values representing the operating conditions. The cleanness of the cooling water tubes is calculated by an arithmetic unit from the value of the overall heat transmission coefficient or the heat transfer rate, and the performance of the condenser is judged by a performance judging unit based on the cleanness of the cooling water tubes.

Abstract: In electrodialysis of desalting or concentrating an electrolyte solution in desalting chambers and concentrating chambers constituted by alternately juxtaposing a plurality of anion and cation exchange membranes between at least a pair of electrodes by supplying the electrolyte solution into the desalting and concentrating chambers while introducing a gas in a bubble state into the electrolyte solution between the ion exchange membranes, the electrolyte solution is made to contact the gas in the bubble state while providing a temperature difference between the gas and the electrolyte solution. The scale deposition onto the ion exchange membranes is prevented with an increase in electrodialysis efficiency.

Abstract: In electrodialysis for desalting or concentrating an electrolyte solution in desalting chambers and concentrating chambers constituted by alternately juxtaposing a plurality of anion and cation exchange membranes between at least a pair of electrodes by supplying the electrolyte solution into the desalting and concentrating chambers while introducing a gas in a bubble state into the electrolyte solution between the ion exchange membranes, the electrolyte solution is made to contact the gas in the bubble state while providing a temperature difference between the gas and the electrolyte solution. The scale deposition onto the ion exchange membranes is prevented with an increase in electrodialysis efficiency.

Abstract: To remove salts from a solution containing the salts, hot air is injected downwards into the solution in a concentrator, and the solution is concentrated by direct contact with the hot air, thereby enhancing an evaporation efficiency in the concentrator and preventing scale deposition in the concentrator and piping system. The solution is forcedly cooled in a crystallizer by direct contact with cool air, thereby making crystals grow in the solution within a short time. The solution and air are circulated in a closed cycle, thereby preventing a secondary environmental pollution.