Abstract: The present invention has an objective to provide a processing method and an ion beam processing apparatus capable of inhibiting deposition of redeposited films even for fine patterns. In an embodiment of the present invention, ion beam processing is performed such that an etching amount of an ion beam incident in extending directions of pattern trenches formed on a substrate is made larger than the etching amount of the ion beam incident in other directions. This processing enables fine patterns to be processed while inhibiting redeposited films from being deposited on the bottom portions of the trenches of the fine patterns.

Abstract: The present invention has an objective to provide a processing method and an ion beam processing apparatus capable of inhibiting deposition of redeposited films even for fine patterns. In an embodiment of the present invention, ion beam processing is performed such that an etching amount of an ion beam incident in extending directions of pattern trenches formed on a substrate is made larger than the etching amount of the ion beam incident in other directions. This processing enables fine patterns to be processed while inhibiting redeposited films from being deposited on the bottom portions of the trenches of the fine patterns.

Abstract: The present invention has an objective to provide a processing method and an ion beam processing apparatus capable of inhibiting deposition of redeposited films even for fine patterns. In an embodiment of the present invention, ion beam processing is performed such that an etching amount of an ion beam incident in extending directions of pattern trenches formed on a substrate is made larger than the etching amount of the ion beam incident in other directions. This processing enables fine patterns to be processed while inhibiting redeposited films from being deposited on the bottom portions of the trenches of the fine patterns.

Abstract: A production process in which in an element isolation process for a magnetoresistive effect element, a re-deposited film adhered to a side wall of the element is efficiently removed by ion beam etching. Ion beam etching is performed while a substrate located being inclined relative to the grid is rotated. In the ion beam etching, an energy amount of an ion beam entering from a direction in which a pattern groove formed on the substrate extends is increased larger than the energy amount of the ion beam entering from another direction by controlling a rotation speed of the substrate, and the re-deposited film adhered to the side wall of the magnetoresistive effect element formed on the substrate is efficiently removed by etching.

Abstract: A production process in which in an element isolation process for a magnetoresistive effect element, a re-deposited film adhered to a side wall of the element is efficiently removed by ion beam etching. Ion beam etching is performed while a substrate located being inclined relative to the grid is rotated. In the ion beam etching, an energy amount of an ion beam entering from a direction in which a pattern groove formed on the substrate extends is increased larger than the energy amount of the ion beam entering from another direction by controlling a rotation speed of the substrate, and the re-deposited film adhered to the side wall of the magnetoresistive effect element formed on the substrate is efficiently removed by etching.

Abstract: The present invention has an objective to provide a processing method and an ion beam processing apparatus capable of inhibiting deposition of redeposited films even for fine patterns. In an embodiment of the present invention, ion beam processing is performed such that an etching amount of an ion beam incident in extending directions of pattern trenches formed on a substrate is made larger than the etching amount of the ion beam incident in other directions. This processing enables fine patterns to be processed while inhibiting redeposited films from being deposited on the bottom portions of the trenches of the fine patterns.

Abstract: An information-processing apparatus shown in FIG. 4 is a wireless communication apparatus for communicating prescribed data in wireless with a back-scattering communication scheme, in which a tag (10) for receiving a carrier wave signal Sf having a frequency of 2.45 GHz and transmitting response signal Sf (D) obtained by modulating the carrier wave signal Sf based on the data and a tag reader (20) for transmitting a carrier wave signal to the tag (10) and receiving and signal-processing a response composite signal that is returned from the tag (10) are provided. This tag reader (20) has a carrier-wave-compensating circuit (30) that compares a phase of the carrier wave signal in transmitting the carrier wave signal and a phase of the carrier wave signal in receiving the carrier wave signal and eliminates a carrier wave composite signal that is not synchronized with the carrier wave signal in transmitting the carrier wave signal based on a comparison result thereof.

Abstract: A transmitter transmits a quadrature modulated signal including transmission data as an I component and a known PN sequence as a Q component. The signal is received by a receiver which separates the signal into a real part and an imaginary part, and then is supplied to an equalizer and also to an I correlation circuit and a Q correlation circuit. In the meantime, a PN sequence identical with the PN sequence of the transmitter is generated by a generator, and then supplied to the I correlation circuit and the Q correlation circuit.

Abstract: An information-processing apparatus shown in FIG. 4 is a wireless communication apparatus for communicating prescribed data in wireless with a back-scattering communication scheme, in which a tag (10) for receiving a carrier wave signal Sf having a frequency of 2.45 GHz and transmitting response signal Sf (D) obtained by modulating the carrier wave signal Sf based on the data and a tag reader (20) for transmitting a carrier wave signal to the tag (10) and receiving and signal-processing a response composite signal that is returned from the tag (10) are provided. This tag reader (20) has a carrier-wave-compensating circuit (30) that compares a phase of the carrier wave signal in transmitting the carrier wave signal and a phase of the carrier wave signal in receiving the carrier wave signal and eliminates a carrier wave composite signal that is not synchronized with the carrier wave signal in transmitting the carrier wave signal based on a comparison result thereof.

Abstract: A simple, safe domestic network for electric appliances in which data is sent by modulating the voltage or current signals of power supply and corrections are made in response to electric appliances varying in load.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus in which an eye center measuring unit determines a code judgment point from a peak timing signal supplied from a timing signal generation circuit and an amplitude signal supplied from an interpolator and detected by an amplitude detector, and outputs it to a multiplier via an amplifier, a subtracter, and a reciprocal generating unit. A zero cross point measuring unit determines a code change point from a zero cross timing signal supplied from a timing signal generation circuit and an amplitude signal supplied from the interpolator and detected by the amplitude detector, and outputs it to the multiplier via a subtracter. The multiplier multiplies the supplied signals, and a dB converter converts a supplied signal into a signal in decibels and outputs the signal to a display circuit.

Abstract: A simple, safe domestic network for electric appliances in which data is sent by modulating the voltage or current signals of power supply and corrections are made in response to electric appliances varying in load.

Abstract: A transmitter transmits a quadrature modulated signal including transmission data as an I component and a known PN sequence as a Q component. The signal is received by a receiver which separates the signal into a real part and an imaginary part, and then is supplied to an equalizer and also to an I correlation circuit and a Q correlation circuit. In the meantime, a PN sequence identical with the PN sequence of the transmitter is generated by a generator, and then supplied to the I correlation circuit and the Q correlation circuit.

Abstract: A receiving apparatus receives a digital broadcast signal having been modulated in an orthogonal frequency multiplexing method of which data of each frame is composed of a synchronous reference signal and transmission data and of which data is assigned to a plurality of carriers that are orthogonal to each other. A synchronous TFPR signal is transmitted every frame. An AFC (automatic frequency control) circuit receives the synchronous TFPR signal, and obtains a frequency error and a timing error of the received signal to control the frequency and the timing. To remove an influence of a multi-path to the synchronous TFPR signal, an equalizer is disposed. The influence of the multi-path to the synchronous TFPR signal is removed by the equalizer. Thus, the frequency and the timing of a carrier of the receiver side can be exactly controlled.

Abstract: A radio wave that will act as an interference wave is received together with a desired wave. A phase locking section produces a phase-locked signal that is phase-locked at the frequency of the interference wave. A level adjusting section adjusts the level of the phase-locked signal and supplies the level-adjusted, phase-locked signal to a subtracter, whereby the interference wave component is eliminated from the desired wave. The desired wave from which the interference wave component is eliminated is fed back to the level adjusting section.

Abstract: A frequency synthesizer includes a voltage-controlled oscillator, frequency dividing circuits, a signal source, phase comparing circuits, an adding circuit, a converting circuit and a control circuit. The frequency dividing circuits divide an output supplied thereto from the voltage-controlled oscillator with frequency-dividing ratios of 1/N and 1/(N+1) where N is an arbitrary integer. The signal source outputs a reference frequency signal. The phase comparing circuits phase-compare a signal divided by N supplied thereto from one frequency dividing circuit and a signal divided by (N+1) supplied thereto from another frequency dividing circuit and the reference frequency signal from the signal source.

Abstract: A halo-salycylanilide of the following formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents hydrogen or acyl group, R.sub.2 represents alkyl group, and both X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 represent halogen, has high antifungal and bactericidal activity.