Abstract: A manufacturing method of a nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting element includes: forming an n-type nitride-based semiconductor layer; forming, on the n-type nitride-based semiconductor layer, a light emission layer including a nitride-based semiconductor; forming, on the light emission layer in an atmosphere containing a hydrogen gas, a p-type nitride-based semiconductor layer while doping the p-type nitride-based semiconductor layer with a p-type dopant at a concentration of at least 2.0×1018 atom/cm3; and annealing the p-type nitride-based semiconductor layer at a temperature of at least 800 degrees Celsius in an atmosphere not containing hydrogen. In this manufacturing method, a hydrogen concentration of the p-type nitride-based semiconductor layer after the annealing is at most 5.0×1018 atom/cm3 and at most 5% of the concentration of the p-type dopant, and a hydrogen concentration of the light emission layer is at most 2.0×1017 atom/cm3.

Abstract: An abnormality detection device includes a processing circuit configured to perform an abnormality detecting process. The abnormality detecting process includes a first state quantity acquiring process, a second state quantity acquiring process, a difference calculating process of calculating a difference between a first state quantity and a second state quantity, and a determination process of comparing an absolute value of the difference with a difference threshold value. The abnormality detecting process is a process of detecting an abnormality of a turning unit when the absolute value of the difference is greater than the difference threshold value, and the processing circuit is configured not to perform the determination process when an absolute value of an actual current value is greater than a current threshold value.

Abstract: A salt represented by formula (I): wherein Q1 and Q2 independently each represent a fluorine atom or a C1-C6 perfluoroalkyl group, R1 and R2 independently each represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or a C1-C6 perfluoroalkyl group, z represents an integer of 0 to 6, X1 represents *—C(?O)—O—, *—O—C(?O)—, *—O—C(?O)—O— or —O—, where * represents a binding site to —C(R1)(R2)— or —C(Q1)(Q2)-, A1 represents a C2-C36 divalent hydrocarbon group in which a methylene group can be replaced by an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a carbonyl group or a sulfonyl group and in which a hydrogen atom can be replaced by a substituent, R3 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and Z+ represents an organic cation.

Abstract: To realize an object of providing an eddy current inspection device which is able to control a sensitivity decrease, and is able to reliably detect a defect.

Abstract: A salt represented by formula (I): wherein Q1 and Q2 independently each represent a fluorine atom or a C1-C6 perfluoroalkyl group, R1 and R2 independently each represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or a C1-C6 perfluoroalkyl group, z represents an integer of 0 to 6, X1 represents *—C(?O)—O—, *—O—C(?O)—, *—O—C(?O)—O— or —O—, where * represents a binding site to —C(R1)(R2)— or —C(Q1)(Q2)-, A1 represents a C2-C36 divalent hydrocarbon group in which a methylene group can be replaced by an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a carbonyl group or a sulfonyl group and in which a hydrogen atom can be replaced by a substituent, R3 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and Z+ represents an organic cation.

Abstract: To realize an object of providing an eddy current inspection device which is able to control a sensitivity decrease, and is able to reliably detect a defect.

Abstract: A compound represented by formula (I): wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a C1-C6 alkyl group which may have a halogen atom; R2 and R3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a C1-C6 monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group, and R4 represents a C1-C6 monovalent saturated linear hydrocarbon group, a C3-C6 monovalent saturated branched hydrocarbon group, a C5-C12 monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group or a C5-C12 monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon-containing group, or R3 and R4 represent a C2-C6 heterocyclic ring together with an oxygen atom and a carbon atom; A1 represents a single bond, or *-A2-X1-(A3-X2)a— where A2 and A3 each independently represent a C1-C6 alkanediyl group, X1 and X2 each independently represent an oxygen atom, a carbonyloxy group or an oxycarbonyl group, and “a” represents 0 or 1; A4 represents a C1-C6 alkanediyl group; Ad represents a divalent adamantanediyl group.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is equipped with a connecting rod and an oil jet. The connecting rod has a small end portion that is coupled to a piston, and the small end portion and a large end portion that is coupled to a crankshaft are connected to each other by a shaft portion. The oil jet injects oil toward a reverse face of the piston. With this internal combustion engine, a communication hole that opens toward the reverse face of the piston and that communicates with a pin hole is provided through the small end portion of the connecting rod. A lower portion of an inner peripheral face that forms the pin hole of the small end portion protrudes more in a direction of extension of a central axis of the pin hole than an upper portion.

Abstract: An eddy current flaw detection system includes an eddy current flaw detection probe having a substrate facing an inspection surface, and at least one exciting coil and at least two detecting coils provided on the substrate, a scanning device which scans the probe on the inspection surface, a scan control device which drives and controls the scanning device, an eddy current flaw detection device which acquires results of detection of a plurality of detection points corresponding to combinations of the exciting and detecting coils for each scan position of the probe, and a data processing/display device which processes data from the scan control device and the eddy current flaw detection device and thereby displays a result of flaw detection. The data processing/display device acquires three-dimensional coordinates of the detection points for each scan position of the probe and thereby creates three-dimensional flaw detection data.

Abstract: A compound represented by formula (I): wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a C1-C6 alkyl group which may have a halogen atom; R2 and R3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a C1-C6 monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group, and R4 represents a C1-C6 monovalent saturated linear hydrocarbon group, a C3-C6 monovalent saturated branched hydrocarbon group, a C5-C12 monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group or a C5-C12 monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon-containing group, or R3 and R4 represent a C2-C6 heterocyclic ring together with an oxygen atom and a carbon atom; A1 represents a single bond, or *-A2-X1-(A3-X2)a— where A2 and A3 each independently represent a C1-C6 alkanediyl group, X1 and X2 each independently represent an oxygen atom, a carbonyloxy group or an oxycarbonyl group, and “a” represents 0 or 1; A4 represents a C1-C6 alkanediyl group; Ad represents a divalent adamantanediyl group.

Abstract: A salt represented by formula (I): wherein Q1 and Q2 independently each represent a fluorine atom or a C1-C6 perfluoroalkyl group, L1 represents a C1-C17 divalent saturated hydrocarbon group in which a methylene group may be replaced by an oxygen atom or a carbonyl group, L2 and L3 respectively represent a single bond or a C1-C6 divalent saturated alkyl group in which a methylene group may be replaced by an oxygen atom or a carbonyl group, ring W1 and ring W2 respectively represent a C3-C36 hydrocarbon ring, R1 and R2 respectively represent a hydrogen atom or C1-C6 alkyl group, R3 represents C1-C6 alkyl group, t represents an integer of 0 to 2 and Z+ represents an organic counter ion.

Abstract: A compound represented by the formula (I): wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom etc., R2 and R3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom etc., R4 represents a C1-C8 divalent hydrocarbon group, R5 represents a single bond etc., and R6 represents an unsubstituted or substituted C6-C20 aromatic hydrocarbon group, a polymer comprising a structural unit derived from the compound represented by the formula (I) and a chemically amplified positive resist composition comprising the polymer, at least one acid generator and at least one solvent.

Abstract: A salt represented by formula (I): wherein Q1, Q2, L1, W, and Z+are defined in the specification.

Abstract: A salt represented by the formula (X): wherein Q1 and Q2 each independently represent a fluorine atom or a C1-C6 perfluoroalkyl group, L1 represents a C1-C17 divalent saturated hydrocarbon group in which one or more —CH2— can be replaced by —O— or —CO—, ring W1 represents a C4-C36 lactone ring, R3 is a C1-C6 alkyl group etc., t represents an integer of 0 to 2, Z+ represents an organic counter ion, and W10 represents a group represented by the formula (X-1): wherein L2 represents a single bond etc., ring W2 represents a C3-C36 saturated hydrocarbon ring in which one —CH2— is replaced by —CO— and in which one or more —CH2— can be replaced by —O— or —CO—, R1 represents a C1-C12 hydrocarbon group, R2 is a C1-C6 alkyl group etc.

Abstract: A compound represented by formula (I): wherein T1 represents a single bond or a C6-C14 aromatic hydrocarbon group, L1 represents a C1-C17 divalent saturated hydrocarbon group in which a methylene group may be replaced by an oxygen atom or a carbonyl group, L2 and L3 each independently represent a single bond or a C1-C6 divalent saturated hydrocarbon group in which a methylene group may be replaced by an oxygen atom or a carbonyl group, ring W1 and ring W2 each independently represent a C3-C36 hydrocarbon ring, R1 and R2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or C1-C6 alkyl group, R3 and R4 each independently represent a hydroxyl group, or C1-C6 alkyl group, R5 represents a hydroxyl group or a methyl group, m represents 0 or 1, and t and u each independently represent an integer of 0 to 2.

Abstract: A photoresist composition containing a resin that is hardly soluble or insoluble, but which is soluble in an aqueous alkali solution by action of an acid, and a salt represented by formula (I): wherein Q1, Q2, L1, W1, W2, R1, R2, t1 and t2 are defined in the specification, and Z+ represents an organic cation.

Abstract: A salt represented by the formula (a): wherein Q1 and Q2 each independently represent a fluorine atom etc., X1 represents a single bond etc., X2 represents a single bond etc., Y1 represents a C3-C6 alicyclic hydrocarbon group etc., with the proviso that —X2—Y1 group has one or more fluorine atoms, and Z+ represents an organic counter cation, and a photoresist composition comprising the salt represented by the formula (a) and a resin comprising a structural unit having an acid-labile group and being insoluble or poorly soluble in an aqueous alkali solution but becoming soluble in an aqueous alkali solution by the action of an acid.

Abstract: A salt represented by the formula (I): wherein Q1, Q2, L1, L2, ring W, s, t, R1, R2 and Z+ are defined in the specification.

Abstract: In an ultrasonic inspection method or ultrasonic inspection system in which an ultrasonic wave is propagated to an test object via a medium such as a liquid or a gas, an incident position of the ultrasonic wave is accurately and reliably identified. In an ultrasonic inspection method based on an immersion technique, an optical irradiator is mounted on an ultrasonic wave transmitting/receiving unit, an optical marker is irradiated from the optical irradiator to the test object, and an irradiated position of the optical marker is imaged using imaging equipment in order to perform inspection.

Abstract: The present invention provides a photoresist composition comprising a resin having an acid-labile group and being insoluble or poorly soluble in an aqueous alkali solution but becoming soluble in an aqueous alkali solution by the action of an acid, an acid generator and a compound represented by the formula (I): wherein Z1 represents a C7-C20 alkylene group, a C3-C20 divalent saturated cyclic group or a divalent group formed by combining at least one C1-C6 alkylene group with at least one C3-C20 divalent saturated cyclic group.