Abstract: Provided herein are methods, compositions, and kits for using binding agents to detect the presence of PEE proteins and/or PEE autoantibodies in a biological sample from a pregnant woman. Such methods and compositions are useful for predicting the onset of preeclampsia, monitoring the progression of preeclampsia, monitoring the regression of preeclampsia, assessing efficacy of treatment for preeclampsia, identifying a sub-population of patients who should be treated for preeclampsia and/or identifying a sub-population of patients who should be monitored for preeclampsia symptoms.