Abstract: Provided are methods for preparing improved biologically active micelle and crystalline products comprising a biologically active amphipathic compound in association with a micelle or crystalline product. Methods for producing the micelle or crystalline products as well as methods of using the micelle or crystalline products in therapeutic, diagnostic, and cosmetic, applications are also provided.

Abstract: Provided are methods for preparing improved biologically active liposome products comprising a biological1y active amphipathic compound in association with a liposome. Methods for producing the liposome products as well as methods of using the liposome products in therapcutic and diagnostic techniques are also provided.

Abstract: Provided is a method for delivering a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) liposome product to a target tissue of a mammal. The VIP is expressed on and in a liposome. Also provided is a method of preparing the VIP liposome product comprising cholesterol, phosphatidyl choline, and phosphatidyl glycerol.

Abstract: A conducting polymer film with an improved space filling is formed on a metal electrode surface. A self-assembling monolayer is formed directly on the metal surface where the monolayer has a first functional group that binds to the metal surface and a second chemical group that forms a chemical bonding site for molecules forming the conducting polymer. The conducting polymer is then conventioonally deposited by electrochemical deposition. In one example, a conducting film of polyaniline is formed on a gold electrode surface with an intermediate monolayer of p-aminothiophenol.

Abstract: According to the invention organic monolayer films are applied to an electrically conductive substrate, resulting in an electrode which can be used in electrochemical processes. The said film serves as ultrathin membrane and allows certain selected species to approach the substrate and be detected. The film comprises active species which are selective towards specific species contained in mixture with others and a blocking surface sealing component. It is also possible to use one compound serving both purposes. The components of the film are attached to the substrate by a variety of means: adsorption, chemisorption, electro-chemical deposition.

Abstract: An electrochemical method for fast and non-destructive visual detection of nonmetallic surface inclusions in metallic substrates is provided. The method uses electrode modification techniques, wherein, for example, a monomer is electrochemically polymerized, to form a dark film on the metallic substrate, thus causing any nonconductive inclusions, which will not be coated with the film, to appear bright and highly visible.