Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing hydrocarbons, said process comprising the steps, where feedstock of biological origin is degummed, the degummed feedstock is subjected to bleaching and/or hydrolysis, followed by hydroprocessing and catalytic cracking.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an integrated process for producing hydrocarbons, wherein feedstock originating from renewable sources is subjected to catalytic hydroprocessing followed by separation of an aqueous component, a heavy component, and a light component, separating carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from said light component to obtain a recycle stream, followed by dividing the recycle stream to a first recycle stream and a second recycle stream, directing the first recycle stream to the hydroprocessing system, and the second recycle stream to a hydrogen plant, where the light component is converted to hydrogen, and directing the hydrogen to the hydroprocessing system.

Abstract: The present description is related to the field of hydrocarbon production by gasification of carbonaceous material. It provides a two-stage gas washing method as a part of gas refining. More specifically it discloses a method for hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide removal from synthesis gas produced by gasification. It introduces a use of a novel combination of wash approaches for this application. As a specific application, this process is utilized as a part of biomass to liquid (BTL) process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to process for producing hydrocarbons, wherein starting material comprising tall oil material and polar co-feed, which polar co-feed comprises fatty acids, is diluted with a non-polar diluent to obtain feedstock, and said feedstock is catalytically hydroprocessed to obtain hydrocarbons, suitable as fuels, fuel blending components and fuel additives.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for converting feedstock comprising materials of biological origin into hydrocarbons, said process comprising the steps where a) feedstock comprising at least one material of biological origin is subjected to purification treatment to obtain purified feedstock, and b) the purified feedstock is subjected to hydroprocessing in the presence of at least one hydrodeoxygenation catalyst, at least one hydrodewaxing catalyst and at least one hydrodearomatization catalyst to obtain a hydroprocessing product.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an integrated process for producing hydrocarbons, wherein feedstock originating from renewable sources is subjected to catalytic hydroprocessing followed by separation of an aqueous component, a heavy component, and a light component, separating carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from said light component to obtain a recycle stream, followed by dividing the recycle stream to a first recycle stream and a second recycle stream, directing the first recycle stream to the hydroprocessing system, and the second recycle stream to a hydrogen plant, where the light component is converted to hydrogen, and directing the hydrogen to the hydroprocessing system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to process for producing hydrocarbons, wherein starting material comprising tall oil material and polar co-feed, which polar co-feed comprises fatty acids, is diluted with a non-polar diluent to obtain feedstock, and said feedstock is catalytically hydroprocessed to obtain hydrocarbons, suitable as fuels, fuel blending components and fuel additives.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for converting feedstock comprising materials of biological origin into hydrocarbons, said process comprising the steps where a) feedstock comprising at least one material of biological origin is subjected to purification treatment to obtain purified feedstock, and b) the purified feedstock is subjected to hydroprocessing in the presence of at least one hydrodeoxygenation catalyst, at least one hydrodewaxing catalyst and at least one hydrodearomatization catalyst to obtain a hydroprocessing product.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method relating to hydrocarbon production by gasification of carbonaceous material, for example, a two-stage gas washing method as a part of gas refining. Disclosed is a method for hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide removal from synthesis gas produced by gasification. Disclosed is a use of a combination of two chemical wash approaches. The process can be utilized as a part of biomass to liquid (BTL) process.

Abstract: Method of producing a hydrocarbon composition in which a biomass raw-material is gasified to produce a raw syngas containing carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen, the hydrogen-to-carbon monoxide ratio being about 0.5 to 1.7. A part of the impurities is removed to produce a clean syngas which is fed into a Fischer-Tropsch reactor where a significant part of the carbon monoxide and hydrogen is converted to a hydrocarbon composition containing C4-C90 hydrocarbons. A hydrocarbon composition is recovered which mainly contains hydrocarbons which are solid or semisolid at ambient temperature and pressure and an off-gas of the Fischer-Tropsch reactor, including hydrocarbons which are gaseous at ambient temperature and pressure, is used for producing hydrogen gas. By introducing hydrogen into the clean syngas, the hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio can be increased and by using off-gas-produced hydrogen, the capacity of the process is significantly improved.

Abstract: A method for adjusting hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio of syngas contaminated by sulfur impurities involving a water gas shift (WGS) reaction. In light of the presence of the sulfur impurities, the WGS can be implemented as a sour gas shift. WGS can provide good results by using a non-sulfided catalyst. Conditions can be employed which contribute to further enhanced CO-conversion in the reaction. The hydrocarbons or derivatives thereof obtainable from the method can further be refined and used for production of fuels or lubricants for combustion engines.

Abstract: A method of reforming a gasification gas, in order to decompose the impurities comprised in the gas, and a use of a precious metal catalyst in the pre-reforming of gasification gas. The gas can be brought into contact with a metal catalyst in the presence of an oxidizing agent. The reformation can be carried out in several stages, in which case at least in one of the first catalytic zones a noble metal catalyst can be used, and in a secondary reforming stage which follows the first, preliminary reforming zone, the catalyst that can be used is a metal catalyst. Oxygen can be fed separately into each of the catalyst zones. The use of a noble metal catalyst can reduce the risk of deactivation of the metal catalysts and can increase the operating life of the catalyst.

Abstract: A method for naphthalene removal from a gas using a solid adsorbent material including benzene for the removal. The removal can be applied to, for example, a crude syngas main stream and/or a carbon dioxide exhaust side stream. The adsorption to the adsorbent material can be reversible so that the material can be reused and naphthalene and possibly benzene can be recovered after regeneration.

Abstract: A method for adjusting hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio of syngas contaminated by sulfur impurities involving a water gas shift (WGS) reaction. In light of the presence of the sulfur impurities, the WGS can be implemented as a sour gas shift. WGS can provide good results by using a non-sulfided catalyst. Conditions can be employed which contribute to further enhanced CO-conversion in the reaction. The hydrocarbons or derivatives thereof obtainable from the method can further be refined and used for production of fuels or lubricants for combustion engines.

Abstract: Method of producing a hydrocarbon composition in which a biomass raw-material is gasified to produce a raw syngas containing carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen, the hydrogen-to-carbon monoxide ratio being about 0.5 to 1.7. A part of the impurities is removed to produce a clean syngas which is fed into a Fischer-Tropsch reactor where a significant part of the carbon monoxide and hydrogen is converted to a hydrocarbon composition containing C4-C90 hydrocarbons. A hydrocarbon composition is recovered which mainly contains hydrocarbons which are solid or semisolid at ambient temperature and pressure and an off-gas of the Fischer-Tropsch reactor, including hydrocarbons which are gaseous at ambient temperature and pressure, is used for producing hydrogen gas. By introducing hydrogen into the clean syngas, the hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio can be increased and by using off-gas-produced hydrogen, the capacity of the process is significantly improved.

Abstract: The present description is related to the field of hydrocarbon production by gasification of carbonaceous material. It provides a two-stage gas washing method as a part of gas refining. More specifically it discloses a method for hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide removal from synthesis gas produced by gasification. It introduces a use of a novel combination of wash approaches for this application. As a specific application, this process is utilized as a part of biomass to liquid (BTL) process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the hydrogenation of olefins. The process comprises hydrogenation of a feed stock comprising more than 90 wt-% of olefins, carried out in a hydrogenation reactor comprising at least two reaction stages, wherein the feed stock is hydrogenated in the first reaction stage equipped with a cooling circuit and comprising a first and an optional second catalyst bed, and the effluent from the first reaction stage is hydrogenated in the final reaction stage comprising one or more catalyst beds and optionally equipped with a cooling circuit, the process is operated in trickling or pulse flow mode in a three phase reactor with a fixed catalyst bed and at least one catalyst of same or different type is used in each stage, the catalyst having different particle size and/or optionally different shape in at least two stages.

Abstract: A process for converting an olefin feed to hydrocarbons suitable for fuel components or their feedstock. According to the process, an olefin feed, possibly together with another hydrocarbon feed, is contacted in a reactor with a catalyst in order to produce a hydrocarbon having at least one alkyl side chain. In the invention, the olefin feed is contacted with a particle-form fluidized catalyst in a circulating-bed reactor, wherein the catalyst forms the circulating bed of the reactor. When the operation is carried out in a circulating-bed reactor, the retention time of the feedstock is short. In this case, iso-olefins are formed quite selectively from n-olefins in isomerization. Since the useful life of the catalyst lengthens while the catalytic activity of the bed remains high for a long time, the conversion level also remains high. A long useful life of the catalyst is an economically highly significant advantage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the hydrogenation of olefins. The process comprises hydrogenation of a feed stock comprising more than 90 wt-% of olefins, carried out in a hydrogenation reactor comprising at least two reaction stages, wherein the feed stock is hydrogenated in the first reaction stage equipped with a cooling circuit and comprising a first and an optional second catalyst bed, and the effluent from the first reaction stage is hydrogenated in the final reaction stage comprising one or more catalyst beds and optionally equipped with a cooling circuit, the process is operated in trickling or pulse flow mode in a three phase reactor with a fixed catalyst bed and at least one catalyst of same or different type is used in each stage, the catalyst having different particle size and/or optionally different shape in at least two stages.

Abstract: A process for converting an olefin feed to hydrocarbons suitable for fuel components or their feedstock. According to the process, an olefin feed, possibly together with another hydrocarbon feed, is contacted in a reactor with a catalyst in order to produce a hydrocarbon having at least one alkyl side chain. In the invention, the olefin feed is contacted with a particle-form fluidized catalyst in a circulating-bed reactor, wherein the catalyst forms the circulating bed of the reactor. When the operation is carried out in a circulating-bed reactor, the retention time of the feedstock is short. In this case, iso-olefins are formed quite selectively from n-olefins in isomerization. Since the useful life of the catalyst lengthens while the catalytic activity of the bed remains high for a long time, the conversion level also remains high. A long useful life of the catalyst is an economically highly significant advantage.