Abstract: A method for producing C2 hydrocarbons comprising (a) introducing a reactant mixture to a reactor comprising a catalyst, wherein the reactant mixture comprises CH4, O2 and a heavy diluent, and wherein the reactant mixture is characterized by a bulk CH4/O2 molar ratio; (b) allowing the reactant mixture to contact a surface of the catalyst and react via an oxidative coupling of CH4 (OCM) reaction to form a product mixture, wherein the reactant mixture is characterized by a local CH4/O2 molar ratio on the catalyst surface, wherein the local CH4/O2 molar ratio is greater than the bulk CH4/O2 molar ratio, wherein the product mixture comprises C2 hydrocarbons, and wherein a selectivity to C2 hydrocarbons is increased by at least about 1% when compared to a selectivity of an otherwise similar OCM reaction conducted in the absence of the heavy diluent; and (c) recovering the product mixture from the reactor.

Abstract: An oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) catalyst composition comprising one or more oxides doped with Ag; wherein one or more oxides comprises a single metal oxide, mixtures of single metal oxides, a mixed metal oxide, mixtures of mixed metal oxides, or combinations thereof; and wherein one or more oxides is not La2O3 alone. A method of making an OCM catalyst composition comprising calcining one or more oxides and/or oxide precursors to form one or more calcined oxides, wherein the one or more oxides comprises a single metal oxide, mixtures of single metal oxides, a mixed metal oxide, mixtures of mixed metal oxides, or combinations thereof, wherein the one or more oxides is not La2O3 alone, and wherein the oxide precursors comprise oxides, nitrates, carbonates, hydroxides, or combinations thereof; doping the one or more calcined oxides with Ag to form the OCM catalyst composition; and thermally treating the OCM catalyst composition.

Abstract: A method for producing olefins and synthesis gas comprising (a) introducing a reactant mixture to a reactor, wherein the reactant mixture comprises methane (CH4) and oxygen (O2), wherein the reactor is characterized by a reaction temperature of from about 700° C. to about 1,100° C.; (b) allowing at least a portion of the reactant mixture to react via an oxidative coupling of CH4 reaction to form a product mixture, wherein the product mixture comprises primary products and unreacted methane, wherein the primary products comprise C2+ hydrocarbons and synthesis gas, wherein the C2+ hydrocarbons comprise olefins, and wherein a selectivity to primary products is from about 70% to about 99%; and (c) recovering at least a portion of the product mixture from the reactor.

Abstract: A method for producing olefins comprising (a) introducing to an isothermal reactor a reactant mixture comprising CH4 and O2, wherein the reactor comprises a catalyst bed comprising a catalyst, wherein a catalyst bed temperature is 750-1,000° C., and wherein the reactor has a residence time of 1-100 ms; (b) wherein isothermal conditions minimize hot spots in the bed, thereby decreasing deep oxidation reactions; (c) allowing the reactant mixture to contact the catalyst and react via oxidative coupling of CH4 reaction to form a product mixture comprising C2+ hydrocarbons (olefins and paraffins; C2 hydrocarbons and C3 hydrocarbons) and synthesis gas (H2 and CO), wherein the product mixture has an olefin/paraffin molar ratio of from 0.5:1 to 20:1, and wherein the product mixture has a H2/CO molar ratio of from 0.2:1 to 2.5:1; (d) recovering the product mixture from the reactor; and (e) recovering C2 hydrocarbons and/or synthesis gas from the product mixture.

Abstract: A method for producing C2+ hydrocarbons and H2 comprising (a) introducing to a reactor a reactant mixture comprising methane, (b) heating the reactant mixture to a preheating temperature to yield a heated mixture, (c) generating free radicals in the heated mixture to form a primary effluent mixture comprising free radicals, C2+ hydrocarbons, H2, and unreacted methane, (d) reacting the primary effluent mixture in a secondary reaction zone to form a secondary effluent mixture comprising C2+ hydrocarbons, H2, free radicals, and unreacted methane, at a secondary reaction zone temperature that is greater than the preheating temperature, wherein a free radicals amount in the primary effluent mixture is greater than a free radicals amount in the secondary effluent mixture, (e) cooling the secondary effluent mixture to a quench temperature lower than the secondary reaction zone temperature to yield a product mixture comprising C2+ hydrocarbons and H2, and (f) recovering the product mixture.

Abstract: Use a solvent blend that contains 1-methoxy-2,7-octadiene and an alkanols rather than the alkanols by itself to prepare a catalyst precursor suitable for use in butadiene telomerization.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process consists of the hydrolytic decomposition of the polychlorinated hydrocarbons: of polychlorinated aliphatics and especially of polychlorinated aromatics and oxidizing the chlorine-free product at elevated temperature in the presence of a carrier gas in one unit characterized by a hot and a transitional temperature zone, whereby the calcium chloride and the exiting gas mixture are removed continuously and the excess heat of the highly exothermic process is utilized. The present invention also relates to an apparatus for the process which is carried out in an Apparatus of FIG. 1.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for reducing organic content of brine comprising subjecting a brine solution to at least two purification treatments selected from electrochemical treatment, chlorinolysis, or other chemical oxidation treatment, carbon adsorption, extraction, biological treatment and chrystallizing treatment; wherein the organic content of purified brine is sufficiently low to enable sense of the purified brine in an industrial process.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing low color glycols that comprises altering at least one condition of a reaction component and/or process stream within the process to be unfavorable for the formation of at least one color-producing contaminant intermediate. As such, such intermediates may be reduced in concentration, or even eliminated entirely, from glycols produced by the process. Since they are not present, or are present in reduced number, the intermediates cannot form color-producing contaminants in the glycols, and low color glycols are provided to the customer. Any condition that can discourage the formation of color forming contaminant intermediates can be adjusted, although conditions that can be adjusted by materials or equipment already utilized in the process, e.g.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process consists of the hydrolytic decomposition of the polychlorinated hydrocarbons: of polychlorinated aliphatics and especially of polychlorinated aromatics and oxidizing the chlorine-free product at elevated temperature in the presence of a carrier gas in one unit characterized by a hot and a transitional temperature zone, whereby the calcium chloride and the exiting gas mixture are removed continuously and the excess heat of the highly exothermic process is utilized. The present invention also relates to an apparatus for the process which is carried out in an Apparatus of FIG. 1.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improvement to a polyether preparation process that includes a coalescing step. Amine-initiated polyethers prepared using a mixed alkylene oxide feed tend to coalesce significantly more slowly than glycerin-initiated polyethers, particularly in processes that include a holding step and/or elevated temperature following an initial alkoxylation to form a pre-polymer. This improvement is to perform a remedial end-capping of the pre-polymer, which may include amine degradation products, using an alkylene oxide which contains at least (3) carbons, prior to the molecular weight-building alkoxylation with the mixed alkylene oxide feed. The rate and performance of coalescing thereafter may be substantially enhanced.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for reducing organic content of brine comprising subjecting a brine solution to at least two purification treatments selected from electrochemical treatment, chlorinolysis, or other chemical oxidation treatment, carbon adsorption, extraction, biological treatment and chrystallizing treatment; wherein the organic content of purified brine is sufficiently low to enable sense of the purified brine in an industrial process.

Abstract: A plurality of stages is employed to reduce the total organic carbon (TOC) content of a brine by-product stream to produce a recyclable brine stream having a TOC content of less than about 10 ppm. In a first stage treatment, a brine by-product stream may be subjected to chlorinolysis at a temperature of less than about 125 0C to obtain a chlorinolysis product having a TOC content of less than about 100 ppm, which may be treated in a second stage with activated carbon to obtain a TOC content of less than about 10 ppm. The chlorinolysis may be a reaction with sodium hypochlorite, which may be produced in situ by treatment of the brine by-product stream with chlorine gas and sodium hydroxide. The brine by-product stream may contain a high amount of difficult to remove glycerin, such as a brine by-product stream from the production of epichlorohydrin from glycerin.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing low color glycols that comprises altering at least one condition of a reaction component and/or process stream within the process to be unfavorable for the formation of at least one color-producing contaminant intermediate. As such, such intermediates may be reduced in concentration, or even eliminated entirely, from glycols produced by the process. Since they are not present, or are present in reduced number, the intermediates cannot form color-producing contaminants in the glycols, and low color glycols are provided to the customer. Any condition that can discourage the formation of color forming contaminant intermediates can be adjusted, although conditions that can be adjusted by materials or equipment already utilized in the process, e.g.