Abstract: An example method, apparatus, and computer-readable storage medium are provided for exploration procedures for network optimization. In one example implementation, the method may include generating, by a first network element, exploration data, the exploration data being generated by the first network element for evaluating performance at a second network element; transmitting, by the first network element, the exploration data to the second network element; and receiving, by the first network element, exploration data feedback from the second network element, the exploration data feedback received from the second network element based on processing of the exploration data by the second network element.

Abstract: According to an example embodiment, a client device comprises at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code. The at least one memory and the computer program code may be configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the client device to: receive a measurement configuration from a first network node device, receive a preconfigured condition for the measurement configuration from the first network node device, and in response to the preconfigured condition for the measurement configuration being fulfilled, use the measurement configuration. A client device, a network node device, methods, and computer programs are disclosed.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer program is described comprising: obtaining reference signals received at a plurality of nodes of a communication system from a user device; generating signal signature matrices based on real and imaginary components of the obtained reference signals; and generating a first three-dimensional position estimate for the user device by applying signals based on the generated signal signature matrices to an input of a model.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and a computer-readable storage medium are provided for proactive triggering of handovers in wireless communication networks.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus, said apparatus comprising means for receiving from a network, at a user equipment, Doppler shift information associated with at least one cell of the network as a function of time for at least one area and using the Doppler shift information at the user equipment to compensate for the Doppler shift in communication with the network when the user equipment is in the at least one area.

Abstract: Devices, methods and computer programs for timing advance variation compensation in wireless communications are disclosed Timing advance variation for a client device communicating with a network node device at least partially via an air/space born vehicle communication connection is determined based on measurements on uplink signaling from the client device. A timing advance compensation function curve from a set of predetermined timing advance compensation function curves is selected, such that the selected timing advance compensation function curve corresponds with the determined timing advance variation. An indication of the selected timing advance compensation function curve is signaled to the client device.

Abstract: An apparatus for use by a communication network control element or function configured to conduct a communication control for a communication with at least one communication element or function in a communication network, the apparatus comprising at least one processing circuitry, and at least one memory for storing instructions to be executed by the processing circuitry, wherein the at least one memory and the instructions are configured to, with the at least one processing circuitry, cause the apparatus at least: to calculate a reception time window in a random access procedure for a communication element or function in at least one communication area controlled by the communication network control element or function, to provide setting information related to a random access procedure to a communication element or function in the at least one communication area, the setting information including an indication of the calculated reception time window and an indication related to a determination of a receivin

Abstract: This document discloses a solution for providing a terminal device with one or more candidate cells for link setup. A network node providing the candidate cell(s) may compute a validity window for each candidate cell and indicate the validity window(s) to the terminal device. The terminal device may then perform the link setup with a candidate cell within the respective validity window of the candidate cell.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method comprising using a machine learning algorithm to select an antenna panel from a plurality of antenna panels. A first long-term reward value associated with the selected antenna panel is determined based at least partly on one or more first signals received on the selected antenna panel. A second signal is then transmitted or received via the selected antenna panel, if the first long-term reward value exceeds one or more second long-term reward values associated with at least a subset of the plurality of antenna panels.

Abstract: It is provided a method, comprising measuring, during a period, a first time of arrival (TOA) of a first signal from a first satellite, a second TOA of a second signal from a second satellite, and a third TOA of a third signal from a third satellite; reporting, after the period has elapsed, the first TOA along with the first cell identifier and a first parameter enabling to derive a transmit time of the first signal, the second TOA along with the second cell identifier and a second parameter enabling to derive a transmit time of the second signal, and the third TOA along with the third cell identifier and a third parameter enabling to derive a transmit time of the third signal, wherein the first TOA is measured within a set first interval in the period; the second TOA is measured within a set second interval in the period; the second interval does not overlap the first interval.

Abstract: A method comprising, at a user device, comprising obtaining a target parameter representative of a handover rate from a base station, comparing said target parameter representative of a handover rate with a measured parameter representative of a handover rate, adjusting at least one measurement trigger event parameter as a result of said comparison in a direction tending to reduce the difference between said two rates, sending a measurement report to said base station if a trigger condition using said at least one adjusted trigger event parameter is met.

Abstract: An apparatus, provided in use in a first device comprises at least one processor and at least one memory including a computer program code, the at least one memory and computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: receive first information about a context provided by a controller, said first information being received from a base station; and cause the first device to transmit one or more ping messages to one or more second devices, said one or more ping messages comprising information about said context which causes one or more second devices to reply to the controller.

Abstract: There is provided determining an availability of a connection to a mobile non-terrestrial access node of a wireless communication system, determining, at the wireless device, coverage availability estimates of the mobile non-terrestrial access node, and determining at the wireless device, if the determined coverage availability estimates indicate a periodic coverage of the mobile non-terrestrial access node, a power save mode or one or more connection attempts to the mobile non-terrestrial access node, on the basis of a time period according to a periodicity of the determined coverage availability estimates.

Abstract: Various communication systems may benefit from improved network access. For example, communication systems may benefit from deriving a radio network temporary identification at both a user equipment and a base station, without requiring additional uplink signaling. A method, in certain embodiments, may include sending a short identification from a user equipment to a base station during a contention based access instance. The short identification is generated based on an initial cell radio network temporary identification. The method may also include receiving at the user equipment a user equipment radio network temporary identification from the base station. The user equipment radio network temporary identification is based on the short identification. In addition, the method may include generating at the user equipment a subsequent cell radio network temporary identification based at least on the short identification and the received user equipment radio network temporary identification.

Abstract: A serving network node may be configured to determine an altitude position state of a terminal device. The altitude position state may be determined using information in a plurality of reports received from the terminal device, the reports comprising at least one indication of signal reception quality (201). For example, the altitude position state may be determined by comparing the at least one indication of the signal reception quality of the plurality of reports to a comparison model, or by comparing cells in the plurality of reports to information of cells in a certain area (202). Further, more reports may be requested from the terminal device for improved certainty of the determining, if needed. The determined altitude position state of the terminal device may further be transmitted, as a part of a handover process, to a handover target network node (203).

Abstract: An apparatus and method that may receive, at an unmanned aerial vehicle, at least one coordinate from a base station, wherein the at least one coordinate comprises one or more reference altitude values associated with at least one of an altitude of an antenna associated with the base station or a ground altitude of the base station. The method may further determine that the unmanned aerial vehicle is within a first three-dimensional zone of a plurality of three-dimensional zones based on the one or more reference altitude values. The method may further adjust mobile network settings of the unmanned aerial vehicle based on the determined first three-dimensional zone.

Abstract: There is provided determining an availability of a connection to a mobile non-terrestrial access node of a wireless communication system, determining, at the wireless device, coverage availability estimates of the mobile non-terrestrial access node, and determining at the wireless device, if the determined coverage availability estimates indicate a periodic coverage of the mobile non-terrestrial access node, a power save mode or one or more connection attempts to the mobile non-terrestrial access node, on the basis of a time period according to a periodicity of the determined coverage availability estimates.

Abstract: This document discloses a solution for providing a terminal device with one or more candidate cells for link setup. A network node providing the candidate cell(s) may compute a validity window for each candidate cell and indicate the validity window(s) to the terminal device.

Abstract: There are provided measures for reduction of in-device co-existence interference. Such measures exemplarily comprise (in a mobile network scenario allowing co-operation of a first radio access technology with a second radio access technology) detecting a need to avoid an in-device co-existence interference in relation to said co-operation, and performing at least one action for avoiding the in-device co-existence interference.

Abstract: An apparatus and method that may receive, at an unmanned aerial vehicle, at least one coordinate from a base station, wherein the at least one coordinate comprises one or more reference altitude values associated with at least one of an altitude of an antenna associated with the base station or a ground altitude of the base station. The method may further determine that the unmanned aerial vehicle is within a first three-dimensional zone of a plurality of three-dimensional zones based on the one or more reference altitude values. The method may further adjust mobile network settings of the unmanned aerial vehicle based on the determined first three-dimensional zone.