Abstract: This disclosure features fluorescent lamps that include a phosphor layer including at least one phosphor, which in the past has not been commercially usable in lamps or in some cases suffers from performance problems such as poor brightness. These problems of the phosphors were caused, for example, by mercury ion bombardment or exposure to 185 nm radiation from the discharge. These problems are expected to be avoided by coating particles of one or more of the phosphors, such as using atomic layer deposition in which the coating is not more than 500 nm in thickness. Examples of phosphors that can be coated are yttrium vanadate activated with europium or yttrium vanadate phosphate activated with europium. The coating can be selected from the group consisting of alumina, yttria, lanthanum oxide, magnesium aluminate spinel, magnesium oxide and combinations thereof.

Abstract: Electron emissive compositions comprising a barium neodymium oxide are described. These compositions may be applied to electrodes such that electron emission is facilitated. Methods of manufacturing emissive electrodes comprising a barium neodymium oxide are also described. Various discharge lamps employing such electrodes are described as well.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp includes a light-transmissive glass envelope having an inner surface, means for providing an electric discharge to the interior of the glass envelope, a phosphor layer within the interior of the glass envelope and a discharge-sustaining fill gas and a mercury dose sealed inside the light-transmissive glass envelope. The light-transmissive glass envelope can comprise a light-transmissive mixed alkali glass envelope and the phosphor layer can comprise a phosphor layer of approximately three mg/cm2. A barrier layer of approximately 0.3 mg/cm2 or less of alumina can be applied to the inner surface of the light-transmissive glass envelope. The mercury dose can be present in an amount to provide a saturated mercury vapor pressure within the light-transmissive glass envelope throughout substantially the entire life of the lamp. The lamp can have an end-of-life mercury consumption value of approximately 0.63 mg or less, including 0.

Abstract: Electron emissive compositions comprising a barium neodymium oxide are described. These compositions may be applied to electrodes such that electron emission is facilitated. Methods of manufacturing emissive electrodes comprising a barium neodymium oxide are also described. Various discharge lamps employing such electrodes are described as well.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp includes a light-transmissive glass envelope having an inner surface, means for providing an electric discharge to the interior of the glass envelope, a phosphor layer within the interior of the glass envelope and a discharge-sustaining fill gas and a mercury dose sealed inside the light-transmissive glass envelope. The light-transmissive glass envelope can comprise a light-transmissive mixed alkali glass envelope and the phosphor layer can comprise a phosphor layer of approximately three mg/cm2. A barrier layer of approximately 0.3 mg/cm2 or less of alumina can be applied to the inner surface of the light-transmissive glass envelope. The mercury dose can be present in an amount to provide a saturated mercury vapor pressure within the light-transmissive glass envelope throughout substantially the entire life of the lamp. The lamp can have an end-of-life mercury consumption value of approximately 0.63 mg or less, including 0.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp includes a light-transmissive envelope, means for providing a discharge, a gas fill comprising mercury vapor and an inert gas sealed inside the envelope, a barrier layer on the inner surface of the envelope and a phosphor layer on the barrier layer. The phosphor layer contains at least one phosphor and alpha alumina and has a coating weight from about 1 to about 5 mg/cm2.

Abstract: A mercury vapor discharge fluorescent lamp having a barrier layer and a phosphor layer. The barrier layer comprises yttria-coated alumina particles. The barrier layer is preferably at least 11 weight percent yttria. Preferably the yttrium-coated alumina particles are provided in an aqueous suspension and are then substantially separated from the dissolved salts therein before being combined into a coating suspension for coating the lamp.

Abstract: A mercury vapor discharge fluorescent lamp having a barrier layer and a phosphor layer. The barrier layer comprises yttria-coated alumina particles. The barrier layer is preferably at least 11 weight percent yttria. Preferably the yttrium-coated alumina particles are provided in an aqueous suspension and are then substantially separated from the dissolved salts therein before being combined into a coating suspension for coating the lamp.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preserving raw hides, skins and furskins comprising treating the hides, skins and furskins with an aqueous solution containing at least 0.1% by mass of cyanamide and, if desired, one or more members of the group consisting of polyalcohols, fungicides, sodium chloride, buffer systems possessing buffer capacity in acidic media, salts capable of acidic hydrolysis, weak acids and surface active agents.The raw hides, skins and furskins can be stored without of appearance of any sign of deterioration for at least two weeks in humid ambient conditions.