Abstract: A method may include obtaining a dataset including a target Action Unit (AU) combination and labeled images of the target AU combination with at least a first category of intensity for each AU of the target AU combination and a second category of intensity for each AU of the target AU combination. The method may also include determining that the first category of intensity for a first AU has a higher number of labeled images than the second category of intensity for the first AU, and based on the determination, identifying a number of new images to be synthesized in the second category of intensity for the first AU. The method may additionally include synthesizing the number of new images with the second category of intensity for the first AU, and adding the new images to the dataset.

Abstract: A method may include obtaining a dataset including a target Action Unit (AU) combination and labeled images of the target AU combination with at least a first category of intensity for each AU of the target AU combination and a second category of intensity for each AU of the target AU combination. The method may also include determining that the first category of intensity for a first AU has a higher number of labeled images than the second category of intensity for the first AU, and based on the determination, identifying a number of new images to be synthesized in the second category of intensity for the first AU. The method may additionally include synthesizing the number of new images with the second category of intensity for the first AU, and adding the new images to the dataset.

Abstract: A method may include obtaining a base facial image, and obtaining a first set of base facial features within the base facial image, the first set of base facial features associated with a first facial AU to be detected in an analysis facial image. The method may also include obtaining a second set of base facial features within the base facial image, the second set of facial features associated with a second facial AU to be detected. The method may include obtaining the analysis facial image, and applying a first image normalization to the analysis facial image using the first set of base facial features to facilitate prediction of a probability of the first facial AU. The method may include applying a second image normalization to the analysis facial image using the second set of base facial features to facilitate prediction of a probability of the second facial AU.

Abstract: A method may include obtaining a base facial image, and obtaining a first set of base facial features within the base facial image, the first set of base facial features associated with a first facial AU to be detected in an analysis facial image. The method may also include obtaining a second set of base facial features within the base facial image, the second set of facial features associated with a second facial AU to be detected. The method may include obtaining the analysis facial image, and applying a first image normalization to the analysis facial image using the first set of base facial features to facilitate prediction of a probability of the first facial AU. The method may include applying a second image normalization to the analysis facial image using the second set of base facial features to facilitate prediction of a probability of the second facial AU.