Abstract: In a process for manufacturing a semiconductor device where a plurality of wafers are formed on a single wafer, comprising the steps of forming a groove pattern in an insulating layer on a wafer; forming a seed metal layer in the groove by spattering; depositing an interconnection metal layer on the seed metal layer by electrolytic plating; and then flattering the wafer to the surface of the insulating layer, during forming the groove pattern in the insulating layer, the groove pattern is formed in the area on the wafer where devices can be taken while forming a dummy pattern up to 30 &mgr;m long in the wafer periphery where devices cannot be taken, to prevent the interconnection metal layer from being peeled in the wafer periphery.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for applying infrared radiation to a respiratory gas and detects a signal associated with the quantity of transmitted radiation for measuring the concentration of CO2 in the respiratory gas. The capnometer detects a maximum value of the detection signal from the thermal detector during the present inspiration phase, stores the detected maximum value in RAM, performs the first approximation, Kalman filtering or some other suitable method to compute a corrected value that is valid for the time being until a maximum value is detected in the next inspiration phase, and determines a density signal by calculating the difference between the corrected value and the detection signal.

Abstract: A zoom lens barrel that performs zooming by moving a plurality of lens groups, which constitute a photo-taking optical system, by interlocking the lens group with each other. The zoom lens barrel includes a first frame supporting a first lens group and a second frame supporting a second lens group. A cam tube supports both the first frame and the second frame so that the frames can relatively move in the direction of the optical axis of the optical system. A drive cam is provided in the cam tube and has a cam that has a first cam region for moving the first frame in the direction of the optical axis and a second cam region for moving the second frame in the direction of the optical axis. The drive cam is formed so that the first frame and the second frame may commonly use partial regions of the first cam region and the second cam region at the time of performing the zooming.

Abstract: In a refrigerant cycle system, a refrigerant discharge side of a compressor is directly connected to a refrigerant inlet side of an evaporator through a hot-gas bypass passage so that the evaporator is used as a radiator during a heating mode due to the hot-gas bypass. A physical amount of refrigerant, such as a high-pressure side refrigerant pressure, flowing through the hot-gas bypass passage is detected. When the high-pressure side refrigerant pressure is decreased to a value corresponding to a refrigerant shortage area, a refrigerant shortage is determined and the compressor is stopped by a control unit. Thus, during the heating mode due to the hot-gas bypass, when a refrigerant leakage is caused in the refrigerant cycle system, the compressor is accurately protected.

Abstract: A hydrostatic compression method for producing a fancy log with a decorative and complicated external appearance from a primary wood. In the method, a primary wood having a water content adjusted in the range of 10-80 wt % is brought into a softened state, then the softened wood is compressed with hydrostatic pressure by means of liquid as pressurizing medium. Next, the compressed wood is treated with a fixation means to fix the compressed state. The fixation means can be a shaping jig, a mold, heating in a particular temperature range conducted while constraining the volume relation of compressed wood, cooling down below the softening point of the wood while under pressure, compact-packing together with hard particles into a vessel followed by heating, or a primary wood is chemically treated to form a localized wood-plastics composite before applying hydrostatic compression.

Abstract: A wig fitting implement which performs the fitting of a wig to a head surely and stably, can be put on and taken off easily, has no bad influence on the head like eczema and a rash, and has excellent workability is provided. A method of use of the wig fitting implement is also provided. The wig fitting implement 1 comprises a net-like base 2 divided into four regions. These regions correspond to a left side front surface (B side), a left side rear surface (D side), a right side front surface (A side) and a right side rear surface (C side). Double-sided tapes 3 (A1, B1, C1 and D1) and protective tapes 4 (A2, B2, C2 and D2) are adhered to each region. B1 of the B side is adhered to a surrounding rim part 13 of a flexible planar component 9 of a wig 7, and a natural hair 12 of a head skin 10 passes through penetration holes 6 and is held between C1 and B1 to fix the natural hair.

Abstract: A method of forming a groove having a desired cross section easily and rapidly, by making laser beam scan in the longitudinal direction of the groove. In the method, a laser beam 11 is irradiated to a work 15 to form a groove 16. When the longitudinal and the width direction of the groove is the x-axis and the y-axis, respectively, an intensity distribution of the laser beam in an irradiated region Q on the work is expressed by f(x, y). An integral of f(x, y) with respect to x, i.e., g(y), is proportional to a depth distribution of the groove 16, d(y), and the intensity distribution f(x, y) is formed by passing the laser beam 11 through a mask pattern 12a which has an appropriate transmission factor distribution. The groove 16 is formed by moving the region Q in the x-axis direction. The cross section of the groove 16 is determined by the mask pattern 12a. And the groove 16, having a desired cross section, is obtained in one scanning in the x-axis direction.

Abstract: A novel injector/reactor apparatus and an efficient process for the partial oxidation of light hydrocarbon gases, such as methane, to convert such gases to useful synthesis gas for recovery and/or subsequent hydrocarbon synthesis. Sources of a light hydrocarbon gas, such as methane, and oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas are preheated and pressurized and injected through an injector means at high velocity into admixture with each other in the desired relative proportions, at a plurality of mixing nozzles which are open to the catalytic partial oxidation reaction zone and are uniformly-spaced over the face of the injector means, to form a reactant gaseous premix having a pressure drop equal to at least about 3% of the lowest upstream pressure of either of said gases.

Abstract: The zoom lens system includes a positive first lens group and a negative second lens group that are arranged from an object side. The lens groups move along an optical axis to change the distance therebetween for zooming. The first lens group includes a negative first lens unit and a positive second lens unit that are arranged from the object side and each of the first and second units of the first lens group includes at least one negative lens. The zoom lens system of the present invention satisfies the following conditions (1), (2), (3) and (4); −3.1<ft/f1a<−2.5  (1) 5.8<ft/f1b<7.0  (2) 1.85<n1an  (3) 1.85<n1bn  (4) where ft is the longest focal length of the entire system, f1a is focal length of the first lens unit; f1b is focal length of the second lens unit; n1an is refractive index of the negative lens in the first lens unit; and n1bn is refractive index of the negative lens in the second lens unit.

Abstract: A step zoom lens includes a first movable lens group of negative power, a diaphragm which is immovable during zooming, and a second lens group of positive power. A fundamental zooming path along which the first lens group is moved to vary a focal length without causing an image shift is defined so that the distance of the first lens group from the diaphragm is reduced and is thereafter increased, upon zooming from a wide angle extremity to a telephoto extremity, and a fundamental zooming path along which the second lens group is moved is defined so that the distance of the second lens group from the diaphragm is linearly varied. The discrete stop positions of the first and second lens groups are determined to be different from a focal length position at which the distance between the first lens group and the diaphragm on the fundamental zooming path thereof is minimum or the vicinity thereof.

Abstract: The present disclosure concerns an intra-line fishing rod with at least one fishing line guide member inserted therein. According to the present invention, maintenance of fishing line guide members is facilitated. Support members S1,S2,S3,S4 are mounted inside a rod pipe while respectively supporting fishing line guide members G1,G2,G3,G4 which allow a fishing line to slide smoothly therethrough. The support members and fishing line guide members are positioned and removably mounted inside the rod pipe.

Abstract: A multibeam scanner for scanning an image area with a plurality of laser beams, comprising a plurality of beam emitting points that emit a plurality of laser beams reaching the image area with respective time lags therebetween, a time lag determination unit that determines at least one of the time lags during a predetermined calculation time, a scan controller that controls the plurality of beam emitting points to emit the plurality of laser beams successively in the image area with the at least one of the time lags determined by the time lag determination unit. The multibeam scanner of the invention, comprises a photodetector that detects any one of the laser beams at a predetermined beam detection position. The time lag determination unit determines the time lag between the nth laser beam and the n+1th laser beam.

Abstract: Magnetic recording medium includes at least two layers having different magnetic anisotropy constants formed on a substrate and the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of the second magnetic film of those magnetic films, far from the substrate surface, made equal to or larger than that of the first magnetic film near to the substrate surface, thus improving the magnetic isolation of the first magnetic film near to the substrate surface.

Abstract: Present invention provides a method of holding substrate and a substrate holding system where the amount of foreign substances on the back surface can be decreased, and a little amount of foreign substances may be transferred from a mounting table to a substrate. The substrate holding system comprises a ring-shaped leakage-proof surface having smooth surface on the specimen table corresponding to the periphery of the substrate, a plurality of contact holding portions against the substrate on the specimen table between the corresponding position to the periphery of the substrate and the corresponding position to the center of the substrate, and electrostatic ttraction means for fixing the substrate by contacting the back surface of the substrate to the ring-shaped leakage-proof surface and the contact holding portions. The substrate contacts to the cooling surface at the ring-shaped leakage-proof surface and the contact holding portion placed on a position inside the ring-shaped leakage-proof surface.

Abstract: A compound of the following formula: 1

Abstract: The method of making the magnetic resistance element comprises the steps of: forming a first magnetizable layer, a non-magnetizable layer and a second magnetizable layer, in this order, on an insulating layer; providing a resist layer for forming a main part of the magnetic resistance element on the second magnetizable layer; etching side faces of the first magnetizable layer, the non-magnetizable layer and the second magnetizable layer to form into slope faces by ion milling from the second magnetizable layer side; forming terminals on the slope faces; and removing the resist layer, wherein a part of the first megnetizable layer which is located outside of the slope faces is left on the insulating layer when the side faces of the first magnetizable layer, the non-magnetizable layer and the second magnetizable layer are etched by ion milling.

Abstract: An optical pickup device has a single light beam path in which at least one or either of a plurality of kinds of light beams (different from each other in, for example, wavelength) for respective recording densities and/or recording-medium-thicknesses proceeds toward a surface of an optical recording medium and proceeds to a light beam detector after being reflected by the surface.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for processing a substrate. The method includes supplying a liquid agent such as a developer onto the surface of a substrate, bringing an upper surface of a film formed of the liquid agent into contact with a liquid agent holding member arranged so as to face the substrate, holding the liquid agent between the substrate and the liquid agent holding member, moving the substrate or the liquid agent holding member, or both, in parallel to the main surface of the substrate, while the main surface of the substrate is being treated with the liquid agent. Since the concentrations of reaction products and starting reaction materials become uniform in the liquid agent which contacts the substrate, the entire substrate can be processed uniformly.

Abstract: A battery having a high capacity and a high negative electrode utilization rate is disclosed. It comprises a negative electrode active material including fine particles of magnesium or a magnesium alloy and, preferably, of such a magnesium alloy that contains at least one member selected from the group consisting of In, Ga, Sn, Pb, Cd, Mn, Co, Zn and Tl.