Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a varnish composition which can achieve totally and with good balance the improvement in various properties including electrical properties such as residual charge, a voltage holding ratio and image sticking, a pre-tilt angle, coating property, alignment property, and so on, which are desired for a liquid crystal aligning film formed. The varnish composition comprises polymer ingredients containing polyamic acid B represented by formula (1), polyamic acid A represented by formula (2) having a side chain of not less than 3 carbon atoms and N-substituted polyamide represented by formula (3), and a solvent for dissolving the polymer ingredients. The varnish composition contains 0.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display element having an adequate pre-tilt angle for preventing the reverse domain, as well as excellent electrical properties by preparation of the polyamic acid composition for the liquid crystal display element comprises a polyamic acid A that excels in electrical properties and a polyamic acid B that has side chains, mixed in the ratio A/B of 50/50 to 95/5 (by weight).

Abstract: A varnish composition which comprises a solvent and a polymer component comprising a polyamic acid (B) (having residues which are derived from tetracarboxylic acids and a diamine respectively and which are residues having no side chains or residues having a pendant C1-2 alkyl group or are residues having a composition comprising a mixture of these), a polyamic acid (A) (having residues which are derived from tetracarboxylic acids and a diamine respectively and at least either of which is a residue having a pendant C3+ alkyl group or is a residue having a composition containing that residue), and a soluble polyimide, and in which the proportion of the polyamic acid (A) to the soluble polyimide is 1/99 to 99/1 by weight, the, sum of the polyamic acid (A) and the soluble polyimide accounts for 1 to 80 wt. % of the polymer component, the polyamic acid (B) accounts for 99 to 20 wt. % of the polymer component, and the proportion of the polymer component in the whole varnish composition is 0.1 to 40 wt. %.

Abstract: Provided is a varnish composition which can achieve well-balanced electrical characteristics such as a residual charge, a voltage-holding ratio and image sticking and various characteristics such as a pretilt angle, a coating property and an aligning property, which are desired to a liquid crystal alignment film which is prepared therefrom. The above varnish composition comprises a polymer component comprising a polyamide acid represented by Formula (1), a polyamide represented by Formula (2) or the polyamide represented by Formula (2) and a soluble polyimide represented by Formula (3), and a solvent, wherein the above polymer component contains 1 to 60% by weight of the polyamide represented by Formula (2), and the above varnish composition contains 0.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polyimide alignment film having excellent electrical properties and excellent reliability for use in the field of electronic materials which comprises a polyimide resin produced from a polyamic acid composition comprising a polyamic acid forming a polyimide resin of a low residual voltage and a high voltage holding ratio, and a polyamic acid forming a polyimide resin of a large pre-tilt angle, blended them in the ratio of the former to the latter of 50/50 to 95/5 (weight ratio), a polyamic acid composition for providing such a polyimide aligning film and a liquid crystal display element produced from such an aligning film.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display element having an adequate pre-tilt angle for preventing the reverse domain, as well as excellent electrical properties by preparation of the polyamic acid composition for the liquid crystal display element which comprises a polyamic acid A that excels in electrical properties and a polyamic acid B that has side chains, mixed in the ratio A/B of 50/50 to 95/5 (by weight).

Abstract: A varnish composition suitable for producing a liquid crystal aligning film having a thickness of several tens to one hundred nanometers having 1 to 10% by weight of polyamic acid or soluble polyimide, and 90 to 99% by weight of a solvent which comprises 5 to 80% by weight of at least one compound selected from a group of solvent components A and 20 to 95% by weight of at least one compound selected from a group consisting of component B and component C where the group of solvent components A consists of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and dimethylimidazolidinone and the component B is alkyl lactate, and the component C isR.sub.1-O(C.sub.3H.sub.6 O).sub.nH (I)where n is 1 or 2, R.sub.1 is an alkyl group having 4 carbon atoms when n is 1, and R.sub.1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms when n is 2, is disclosed.

Abstract: A nematic liquid crystal composition having a low viscosity is provided, which composition is obtained by mixing two kinds of liquid crystal compositions having a difference of evaporation heats of 800 cal/mol or more and forming no complex; and by notably reducing its viscosity as compared with its ideal viscosity, improvement in the response speed of display element has become possible.

Abstract: A non-interference control method and device in which an object to be controlled, which is controlled by a plurality of operation quantities and at least one control quantity, is divided into a plurality of partial control systems so that each of the partial control systems has at least one operation quantity and at least one partial control system has more than two operation or control quantities, wherein to the operation quantity in one partial control system is added a compensating element which annuls influences exerted by other partial control systems on said one partial control system, said object to be controlled being controlled on the basis of the relevant compensated operation quantity.

Abstract: A speed control method and apparatus for a motor driven by output of a power conversion unit, wherein a first current command value is inputted to derive a drooping variable, a deviation between a detected speed value of the motor and a speed command value is derived, the first current command value is derived on the basis of a value obtained by compensating the deviation with the drooping variable, the speed command value is inputted to derive an acceleration or deceleration current value for accelerating or decelerating the motor, and the first current command value and the acceleration or deceleration current value are added together to derive a second current command value and control the output current of the power conversion unit on the basis of the second current command value.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid crystal composition used for thermal writing type liquid crystal display devices utilizing a thermooptical effect, and a liquid crystal display element using the composition.The object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal composition having an extremely narrow nematic range and a low-melting phase transition point, and also to provide a liquid crystal display element using the composition.The present invention is directed to a liquid crystal composition mainly comprising a component A comprising 4-n-octyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl, 4-n-dodecyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl and at least one member of 4-n-alkyl-4'-cyanobiphenyls represented by the formula (I), ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is an alkyl group of 9, 10 or 11 carbon atoms, and a component B comprising at least one member of 4-n-alkanolyloxy-4'-cyanobiphenyls represented by the formula (II) ##STR2## wherein R.sup.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid crystal composition for use in thermal writing type liquid crystal displays in which a thermooptical effect is utilized. A technical subject of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal composition characteristically having an extremely narrow nematic range and a low-melting phase transition point, and another object of the present case is to provide a liquid crystal display element using this composition.The present invention is directed to a liquid crystal composition which comprises a component A comprising at least one of 4-n-alkyl-4'-cyanobiphenyls represented by the formula (1) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is an alkyl group having 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12 carbon atoms, and a component B comprising at least one of 4-n-alkoxycarbonyloxy-4'-cyanobiphenyls represented by the formula (2) ##STR2## wherein R.sup.2 is an alkyl group having 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12 carbon atoms, a ratio of the component A to the component B being from 25:75 to 95:5.