Abstract: Methods of storing information in a living organism are provided. Systems and computer program products for performing the methods are also provided.

Abstract: A method for encoding multiple data symbols, the method may include receiving or calculating, by a computerized system, multiple (k) input data symbols; wherein the multiple input data symbols belong to a finite field F of order q; q being a positive integer that may exceed n; mapping the multiple input data symbols, by an injective mapping function, to a set of encoding polynomials; wherein the set of encoding polynomials comprises at least one encoding polynomial; and constructing a plurality (n) of encoded symbols that form multiple (t) recovery sets by evaluating the set of encoding polynomials at points of pairwise disjoint subsets (A1, . . . , At) of the finite field F; wherein each recovery set is associated with one of the pairwise disjoint subsets of the finite field F.

Abstract: MDS (maximum distance separable) array codes are widely used in storage systems to protect data against erasures. The rebuilding ratio problem is addressed and efficient parity codes are proposed. A controller as disclosed is configured for receiving configuration data at the controller that indicates operating features of the array and determining a parity code for operation of the array according to a permutation, wherein the configuration data specifies the array as comprising nodes defined by A=(ai,j) with size rm×k for some integers k,m, and wherein for T={v0 , . . . , Vk-1} ?Zrm a subset of vectors of size k, where for each v=(v1, . . . , vm)?T, gcd (v1, . . . , vm, r), where gcd is the greatest common divisor, such that for any l, 0?l?r?1, and v ?T, the code values are determined by the permutation fvl:[0,rm?1]?[0,rm?1]by fvl(x)=x+lv.

Abstract: MDS array codes are widely used in storage systems to protect data against erasures. The rebuilding ratio problem is addressed and efficient parity codes are proposed. A controller as disclosed is configured for receiving configuration data at the controller that indicates operating features of the array and determining a parity code for operation of the array according to a permutation, wherein the configuration data specifies the array as comprising nodes defined by A=(ai,j) with size rm×k for some integers k, m, and wherein for T={v0, . . . , vk?1}Zrm a subset of vectors of size k, where for each v=(v1, . . . , vm)?T, gcd(v1, . . . , vm, r), where gcd is the greatest common divisor, such that for any l, 0?l?r?1, and v?T, the code values are determined by the permutation fvl:[0,rm?1]?[0,rm?1] by fvl(x)=x+lv.