Abstract: A method of ion exchanging glass and glass ceramic articles. The method includes immersion of at least one such article in an ion exchange bath having a first end and a second end that are heated to first and second temperatures, respectively. The first and second temperature may either be equal or different from each other, with the latter state creating a temperature gradient across or along the ion exchange bath. Continuous processing of multiple articles is also possible in the ion exchange bath.

Abstract: Manual grape harvesting system for fine wines production, which improve the laborers conditions avoiding the lumbar lesions and possible accidents caused by working tools, the system comprising: a) a constriction lumbar belt with length adapting means and lumbar straightening means; b) a frontal modular piece with closing means, accessories store means and adjust belt means to constraint the laborer lumbar back area; c) a curved container to store the grape bunches, temporally fixed to the frontal modular piece through said belt adjust means

Abstract: A glass structure having sub-micron and nano-size bandgap structures and a method of fabricating the glass structure is provided.