Abstract: A surgical apparatus configured to be placed in the musculoskeletal system to precisely separate a first bone from a second bone. The surgical apparatus has one or more sensors to measure one or more parameters and supports one or more bone cuts for installing a prosthetic component. The surgical apparatus has three distraction mechanisms configured to increase or decrease a height between a first support structure and a second support structure. The tilt mechanism adjusts the tilt between the first support structure relative to the second support structure. The tilt mechanism of the surgical apparatus is adjusted from a first tilt to a second tilt to support a bone cut on one of the first or second bones.

Abstract: A system is disclosed to support installation of a prosthetic joint or a prosthetic component. The system includes at least one sensor to measure a parameter. The system uses one or more patient specific instruments in conjunction with a tensor to make one or more bone cuts. The patient specific instruments and tensor make the bone cuts such that an installed prosthetic joint is aligned, balanced, loaded correctly, and positioned optimally for performance and reliability. The use of the tensor simplifies the workflow required when using the patient specific instruments. In one embodiment, the patient specific instruments are bone cutting jigs configured for the patient anatomy.

Abstract: A system is disclosed to support installation of a prosthetic joint or a prosthetic component. The system includes at least one sensor to measure a parameter. The system uses one or more patient specific instruments in conjunction with a tensor to make one or more bone cuts. The patient specific instruments and tensor make the bone cuts such that an installed prosthetic joint is aligned, balanced, loaded correctly, and positioned optimally for performance and reliability. The use of the tensor simplifies the workflow required when using the patient specific instruments. In one embodiment, the patient specific instruments are bone cutting jigs configured for the patient anatomy.

Abstract: A surgical apparatus is configured to support at least one bone cut for installation of a prosthetic component. The installed prosthetic component will have reduced alignment error. The surgical apparatus is configured to distract a first compartment to a first predetermined load value while allowing a moving support structure to pivot freely. A distraction lock mechanism is then engaged to prevent movement of a distraction mechanism that raises or lowers the moving support structure relative to a fixed support structure. The moving support structure has M-L tilt angle that is measured. A M-L tilt mechanism is engaged to forcibly equalize the first and second compartments. Engaging the M-L tilt mechanism prevents the moving support structure from freely pivoting. The at least one bone cut relates to the first and second compartments equalized and the M-L tilt angle.

Abstract: A surgical apparatus is configured to support at least one bone cut for installation of a prosthetic component. The installed prosthetic component will have reduced alignment error. The surgical apparatus is configured to distract a first compartment to a first predetermined load value while allowing a moving support structure to pivot freely. A distraction lock mechanism is then engaged to prevent movement of a distraction mechanism that raises or lowers the moving support structure relative to a fixed support structure. The moving support structure has M-L tilt angle that is measured. A M-L tilt mechanism is engaged to forcibly equalize the first and second compartments. Engaging the M-L tilt mechanism prevents the moving support structure from freely pivoting. The at least one bone cut relates to the first and second compartments equalized and the M-L tilt angle.

Abstract: A surgical apparatus configured to be placed in the musculoskeletal system to precisely separate a first bone from a second bone. The surgical apparatus has one or more sensors to measure one or more parameters and supports one or more bone cuts for installing a prosthetic component. The surgical apparatus has three distraction mechanisms configured to increase or decrease a height between a first support structure and a second support structure. The tilt mechanism adjusts the tilt between the first support structure relative to the second support structure. The tilt mechanism of the surgical apparatus is adjusted from a first tilt to a second tilt to support a bone cut on one of the first or second bones.

Abstract: A surgical apparatus configured to be placed in the musculoskeletal system to precisely separate a first bone from a second bone. The surgical apparatus has one or more sensors to measure one or more parameters and supports one or more bone cuts for installing a prosthetic component. The surgical apparatus has three distraction mechanisms configured to increase or decrease a height between a first support structure and a second support structure. The tilt mechanism adjusts the tilt between the first support structure relative to the second support structure. The tilt mechanism of the surgical apparatus is adjusted from a first tilt to a second tilt to support a bone cut on one of the first or second bones.

Abstract: A surgical apparatus configured to be placed in the musculoskeletal system to precisely separate a first bone from a second bone. The surgical apparatus has one or more sensors to measure one or more parameters and supports one or more bone cuts for installing a prosthetic component. The surgical apparatus has three distraction mechanisms configured to increase or decrease a height between a first support structure and a second support structure. A tilt mechanism comprises at least one of the three distraction mechanisms. Each distraction mechanism is supported by at least two guide shafts such that movement of each distraction mechanism is aligned by the corresponding at least two guide shafts and loading is supported by the corresponding at least two guide shafts.

Abstract: A surgical apparatus comprising a first distraction mechanism, a second distraction mechanism, and a third distraction mechanism. The surgical apparatus is configured to be placed in a joint of the musculoskeletal system to precisely separate the first bone from the second bone to support one or more bone cuts for installing a prosthetic joint. The first distraction mechanism simultaneously changes a height of a first side and a second side of the joint. The change in height is equal on the first and second sides. The second distraction mechanism changes the height on the first side of the joint but not the second side. The third distraction mechanism changes the height of the second side of the joint but not the first side. The surgical apparatus further includes at least one module to measure loading applied by the joint to the surgical apparatus.

Abstract: A surgical apparatus configured to be placed in the musculoskeletal system to precisely separate a first bone from a second bone. The surgical apparatus has one or more sensors to measure one or more parameters and supports one or more bone cuts for installing a prosthetic component. The surgical apparatus has at least one distraction mechanism configured to increase or decrease a height between a first support structure and a second support structure. A tilt mechanism comprises the at least one distraction mechanism. The tilt mechanism couples through a first pivot point and a second pivot point and adjusts a tilt of the second support structure relative to the first support structure. In one embodiment, loading applied to the second support structure is distributed between the first pivot point and the second pivot point during operation of the surgical apparatus.

Abstract: A bone cut system comprising a distractor, one or more drill guides, one or more bone cutting jigs, a computer, and a display. The distractor includes electronic circuitry configured to control a measurement process and transmit measurement data. The distractor can include a magnetic distance sensor, a magnetic angle sensor, and load sensors configured to measure a distraction distance, medial-lateral angle, load magnitude applied to the distractor, and position of load in real-time. The distractor equalizes a medial and lateral compartment of a knee joint in flexion or extension at a predetermined loading. Guide holes are drilled to support cuttings with the medial and lateral compartments equalized. The distractor is configured to support one or more bone cuts using cutting jigs coupled to the guide holes that supports installation of a prosthetic component in alignment with a mechanical axis of a leg.

Abstract: A system is disclosed to support installation of a prosthetic joint or a prosthetic component. The system includes at least one sensor to measure a parameter. The system uses one or more patient specific instruments in conjunction with a tensor to make one or more bone cuts. The patient specific instruments and tensor make the bone cuts such that an installed prosthetic joint is aligned, balanced, loaded correctly, and positioned optimally for performance and reliability. The use of the tensor simplifies the workflow required when using the patient specific instruments. In one embodiment, the patient specific instruments are bone cutting jigs configured for the patient anatomy.

Abstract: A measurement system for installation of a prosthetic component. The measurement system comprises a housing, a slide block, a medial plate, a lateral plate, a fixed plate, and a threaded shaft. The fixed plate couples to the housing. The threaded shaft couples to the slide block. The threaded shaft is rotated to move the slide block within the housing. The slide block includes a free wheel gear. A medial plate and a lateral plate respectively couple to a medial post and a lateral post. The medial post and lateral post each have gear teeth that is configured to couple the free wheel gear. The housing retains, aligns and supports movement of the medial and lateral post parallel to the slide block. A medial brake and a lateral brake is configured to couple to the medial post and the lateral post to prevent movement under user control.

Abstract: A surgical apparatus is configured to support at least one bone cut for installation of a prosthetic component. The installed prosthetic component will have reduced alignment error. The surgical apparatus is configured to distract a first compartment to a first predetermined load value while allowing a moving support structure to pivot freely. A distraction lock mechanism is then engaged to prevent movement of a distraction mechanism that raises or lowers the moving support structure relative to a fixed support structure. The moving support structure has M-L tilt angle that is measured. A M-L tilt mechanism is engaged to forcibly equalize the first and second compartments. Engaging the M-L tilt mechanism prevents the moving support structure from freely pivoting. The at least one bone cut relates to the first and second compartments equalized and the M-L tilt angle.

Abstract: A surgical apparatus comprising a first distraction mechanism, a second distraction mechanism, and a third distraction mechanism. The surgical apparatus is configured to be placed in a joint of the musculoskeletal system to precisely separate the first bone from the second bone to support one or more bone cuts for installing a prosthetic joint. The first distraction mechanism simultaneously changes a height of a first side and a second side of the joint. The change in height is equal on the first and second sides. The second distraction mechanism changes the height on the first side of the joint but not the second side. The third distraction mechanism changes the height of the second side of the joint but not the first side. The surgical apparatus further includes at least one module to measure loading applied by the joint to the surgical apparatus.

Abstract: A surgical apparatus configured to be placed in the musculoskeletal system to precisely separate a first bone from a second bone. The surgical apparatus has one or more sensors to measure one or more parameters and supports one or more bone cuts for installing a prosthetic component. The surgical apparatus has three distraction mechanisms configured to increase or decrease a height between a first support structure and a second support structure. A tilt mechanism comprises at least one of the three distraction mechanisms. Each distraction mechanism is supported by at least two guide shafts such that movement of each distraction mechanism is aligned by the corresponding at least two guide shafts and loading is supported by the corresponding at least two guide shafts.

Abstract: A surgical apparatus configured to be placed in the musculoskeletal system to precisely separate a first bone from a second bone. The surgical apparatus has one or more sensors to measure one or more parameters and supports one or more bone cuts for installing a prosthetic component. The surgical apparatus has three distraction mechanisms configured to increase or decrease a height between a first support structure and a second support structure. The tilt mechanism adjusts the tilt between the first support structure relative to the second support structure. The tilt mechanism of the surgical apparatus is adjusted from a first tilt to a second tilt to support a bone cut on one of the first or second bones.

Abstract: A surgical apparatus configured to be placed in the musculoskeletal system to precisely separate a first bone from a second bone. The surgical apparatus has one or more sensors to measure one or more parameters and supports one or more bone cuts for installing a prosthetic component. The surgical apparatus has at least one distraction mechanism configured to increase or decrease a height between a first support structure and a second support structure. A tilt mechanism comprises the at least one distraction mechanism. The tilt mechanism couples through a first pivot point and a second pivot point and adjusts a tilt of the second support structure relative to the first support structure. In one embodiment, loading applied to the second support structure is distributed between the first pivot point and the second pivot point during operation of the surgical apparatus.

Abstract: A surgical apparatus is configured to support at least one bone cut for installation of a prosthetic component. The installed prosthetic component will have reduced alignment error. The surgical apparatus is configured to distract a first compartment to a first predetermined load value while allowing a moving support structure to pivot freely. A distraction lock mechanism is then engaged to prevent movement of a distraction mechanism that raises or lowers the moving support structure relative to a fixed support structure. The moving support structure has M-L tilt angle that is measured. A M-L tilt mechanism is engaged to forcibly equalize the first and second compartments. Engaging the M-L tilt mechanism prevents the moving support structure from freely pivoting. The at least one bone cut relates to the first and second compartments equalized and the M-L tilt angle.

Abstract: A bone cut system comprising a distractor, one or more drill guides, one or more bone cutting jigs, a computer, and a display. The distractor includes electronic circuitry configured to control a measurement process and transmit measurement data. The distractor can include a magnetic distance sensor, a magnetic angle sensor, and load sensors configured to measure a distraction distance, medial-lateral angle, load magnitude applied to the distractor, and position of load in real-time. The distractor equalizes a medial and lateral compartment of a knee joint in flexion or extension at a predetermined loading. Guide holes are drilled to support cuttings with the medial and lateral compartments equalized. The distractor is configured to support one or more bone cuts using cutting jigs coupled to the guide holes that supports installation of a prosthetic component in alignment with a mechanical axis of a leg.