Abstract: The invention relates to a modular conveyor system, comprising multiple individual conveyor modules, wherein an individual conveyor module comprises at least one conveyor device, at least one power supply, at least one actuator for driving the conveyor device, an output unit for the control of the actuator and an integrated control unit, wherein the integrated control unit has a computing unit for processing information and a communications unit, and wherein the communications unit is designed to carry out the communication of the individual conveyor modules with a central control system, on the one hand, and/or the communication of the individual conveyor modules with one another, on the other hand, in such a way that the communication of the individual conveyor modules with one another is implemented at two logical communication levels. The invention further relates to a method for controlling modular conveyor systems.

Abstract: To navigate an electric vehicle from a starting location to a destination, a system identifies multiple charging stations between the starting location and the destination and determining a navigation route that requires a least amount of time for the electric vehicle to travel from the starting location to the destination via one or more of the charging stations, including determining a non-linear relationship between an amount of time and an amount of charge the EV receives during the amount of time.

Abstract: The invention relates to a modular conveyor system, comprising multiple individual conveyor modules, wherein an individual conveyor module comprises at least one conveyor device, at least one power supply, at least one actuator for driving the conveyor device, an output unit for the control of the actuator and an integrated control unit, wherein the integrated control unit has a computing unit for processing information and a communications unit, and wherein the communications unit is designed to carry out the communication of the individual conveyor modules with a central control system, on the one hand, and/or the communication of the individual conveyor modules with one another, on the other hand, in such a way that the communication of the individual conveyor modules with one another is implemented at two logical communication levels. The invention further relates to a method for controlling modular conveyor systems.

Abstract: In the body of a plasma arc torch head coolant inlet ducts extend normally to the portions of the nozzle surface subject to maximum heating. The rate of cooling and a permissible power of the plasma arc torch are markedly increased by directing the flow of incoming coolant directly against the surface being cooled. Where the nozzle lateral surface is exposed to the effect of a plasma-forming arc, the coolant inlet ducts are arranged so as to open radially into said lateral surfaces. If electromagnetic coils are provided to allow control over the plasma jet, a coolant is supplied to effect intensive cooling of the nozzle end face.