Abstract: An integrated process for regenerating a deactivated or partially deactivated alkylation catalyst comprising fluorosulfuric acid which comprises:(1) contacting said fluorosulfuric acid with water to form an acid-water mixture, thereby converting at least a portion of the fluorosulfuric acid therein to hydrogen fluoride and sulfuric acid;(2) removing at least a portion of the hydrogen fluoride from said acid-water mixture formed in step (1) by contacting same with a paraffin to form a gaseous phase containing hydrogen fluoride and said paraffin;(3) cooling the gaseous phase formed in step (2) by contacting with liquid paraffin to condense a portion of the fluorosulfuric acid present in said gaseous phase, thereby forming a liquid phase and a gaseous phase each containing fluorosulfuric acid and hydrogen fluoride;(4) treating the liquid and gaseous phases formed in step (3) with liquid sulfur trioxide to form a mixture comprising a liquid phase containing regenerated fluorosulfuric acid and a gas phase containi

Abstract: An improved process for regenerating an alkylation catalyst comprising fluorosulfuric acid, said catalyst being at least partially deactivated, which comprises the method of:(1) removing a portion of the fluorosulfuric acid from said catalyst by contacting same with a paraffin to form a liquid acid phase containing fluorosulfuric acid and an organic sludge formed during said alkylation and a gas phase containing said paraffin and fluorosulfuric acid;(2) contacting the liquid acid phase formed in step (1) with water to form an acid-water mixture, thereby coverting at least a portion of the fluorosulfuric acid contained therein to hydrogen fluoride and sulfuric acid;(3) removing at least a portion of the hydrogen fluoride from said acid-water mixture formed in step (2) by contacting same with a paraffin to form a gaseous phase containing hydrogen fluoride and paraffin; and(4) treating the gas phases formed in steps (1) and (3) with sulfur trioxide to regenerate the fluorosulfuric acid.

Abstract: Alkylates are prepared by selectively alkylating light paraffinic hydrocarbons with lower olefins at alkylation conditions in the presence of a catalyst comprising (a) one or more Lewis acids of the formula MX.sub.n where M is selected from the Group IIIA, V or VIB elements of the Periodic Table, X is a halogen, n is the ratio of halogen atoms to atoms of M and varies from 1-8, and (b) a hydrogen halide.

Abstract: The equivalent water content of hydrocarbon conversion catalyst comprising water and fluorosulfuric acid, i.e. the water equivalent to the water used to form the active catalyst, is determined continuously by contacting SO.sub.3, e.g. fuming sulfuric acid, with said catalyst in a flow ratio sufficient to maintain the mixture thus formed at the point of incipient fuming. The presence of SO.sub.3 evolved therefrom is determined by use of an SO.sub.3 detector. The flow ratio at the point of incipient fuming is a direct measure of the equivalent water used to form the catalyst system. The equivalent water content thus measured is then compared to the desired equivalent water content and a signal corresponding to the deviation is used to vary the rate of fresh acid makeup, the rate of water addition, or both to the hydrocarbon conversion process reaction zone so as to maintain the desired equivalent water content of the catalyst therein.

Abstract: The water content of an alkylation catalyst comprising water and an acid selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid and fluorosulfuric acid is determined continuously by contacting fuming sulfuric acid with said catalyst in a flow ratio sufficient to maintain the mixture thus formed at the point of incipient fuming. The presence of SO.sub.3 evolved therefrom is determined by use of an SO.sub.3 detector. The flow ratio at the point of incipient fuming is a direct measure of the amount of water in the alkylation catalyst stream. The water content thus measured is then compared to the desired water content and a signal corresponding to the deviation is used to vary the rate of fresh acid makeup to the alkylation reaction zone so as to maintain the desired water content of the catalyst in said reaction zone.