Abstract: The cleavage planes of a lithium niobate crystal (100) are used to provide the parallel surfaces (121 and 122) of a Fabry-Perot resonator established in a titanium diffused waveguide (110). To enable use of the extraordinary wave and therefore to provide a higher efficiency resonator, the waveguide is diffused into the crystal at a predetermined oblique angle (.PSI.) with respect to the cleaved ends. The resonator is utilized in an optically pumped laser and in an electrically controllable Fabry-Perot resonator wherein the reflection provided by the cleaved ends is supplemented by multilayered dielectric mirrors (201 and 202 or 301 and 302) that are bonded to each of the cleaved ends. In the electrically controllable resonator a dielectric layer (330) is deposited over the surface of the crystal before electrodes (310 and 311) are formed on the layer parallel to the waveguide.

Abstract: Orthogonally polarized waves are more effectively decoupled in a waveguide that is fabricated in a manner so as to deliberately enhance stress-induced birefringence. This characteristic is accomplished by introducing a geometrical and material asymmetry in the preform from which the optical fiber is drawn. Three methods of preparing the preform are disclosed. Optical waveguides capable of transmitting power with only one direction of polarization are desirable for use with integrated optical devices which are polarization sensitive.

Abstract: It has been found that in a profiled optical waveguide for guiding a finite spectrum of light, reduction of total dispersion is possible by forming the overall profile in the waveguide as a composite of at least two profiles of different contour. The profiles contributing to the composite are formed for example through polarizability or density gradations in the waveguide.