Abstract: A controller of an atomic system controls operation of potential sources to cause potential generating signals to be provided. Application of the potential generating signals to respective potential generating elements causes performance of a split operation causing confinement of a first subset of atomic objects of an object crystal in a first potential well and a second subset of atomic objects of the object crystal in a second potential well. The first subset consists of one or more atomic objects. The object crystal includes atomic objects of at least two species. The controller controls operation of manipulation sources to cause manipulation signals to be incident on the first subset. The controller receives a sensor signal generated by a photodetector configured to capture fluorescence signals generated by the first subset. The controller processes the sensor signal to determine a respective species of at least one atomic object of the first subset.

Abstract: A frequency-tunable optical relay comprising one acousto-optic device (AOD) in a double pass configuration is provide. The AOD is configured to receive (a) an input optical beam propagating in a first direction toward the AOD from a first side of the AOD and (b) an electrical driving signal. The optical relay further comprises an output optical element array comprising a plurality of output optical elements disposed on the first side of the AOD. Each output optical element of the plurality of output optical elements is configured to provide a respective output optical beam substantially propagating either parallel or anti-parallel to a second direction. The plurality of output optical elements are spaced apart from one another in a third direction, which is transverse to both the first direction and the second direction.