Abstract: A field emission cathode device is disclosed herein and includes an array of electron emitting cathode tips supported by a base electrode or electrodes, a gate electrode spaced from and associated with each tip, and dielectric material located between each gate electrode and the base electrode of its associated cathode tip for insulating the two from one another. The device also includes means for establishing an electric field between the gate electrodes and tips sufficient to cause the tips to emit current. In addition, each electron emitting cathode tip is coated with an electrically conductive material that reduces its electron work function. At the same time, the dielectric material which insulates the base electrodes and gate electrodes from one another is maintained sufficiently free of the electron work function reducing material so as not to result in any appreciable current leakage between the base and gate electrodes. The specific method of coating the cathode tips is also disclosed herein.

Abstract: A flat panel display of the field emission cathode type having polyimide spacers or pillars separating the emitting surface and display face of the same and a method of forming the spacers by integrated circuit techniques.

Abstract: A flat panel display of the field emission cathode type is described having polyimide spacers or pillars separating the emitting surface and display face of the same. A method of forming the spacers by integrated circuit techniques also is described.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for intensification and reflective read-out of underexposed films, radiographs, and the like are shown which include means for converting a metallic silver particle image to a highly reflective image. The film containing the highly reflective image is placed in a black-walled cavity which may contain a particle-free liquid, such as water. The image is raster scanned by a laser beam, and light reflected from the image is detected by a photomultiplier. The photomultiplier output is digitized and the digitized signal is stored for subsequent computer enhancement and display.

Abstract: A high efficiency lamp is shown which includes an evacuated envelope, at least a portion of which is light-transmitting. A phosphor layer and anode electrode in engagement therewith is provided at the light-transmitting portion of the envelope. A field emission structure is located inside the envelope, which structure includes spaced plate-like cathode and accelerator electrodes and an insulator separating and insulating the cathode and accelerator electrodes. The accelerator electrode is formed with an array of apertures therethrough, and the cathode electrode is formed with an array of needle-like members projecting from one surface thereof and into the apertures in the accelerator electrode. Electrons are drawn from the tips of the needle-like members by application of a first voltage between the cathode and accelerator electrodes, and emerge from the tips over relatively wide solid overlapping beam angles.

Abstract: An array of microelectronic tubes is shown which includes a plate-like substrate upon which an array of sharp needle-like cathode electrodes is located. Each tube in the array includes an anode electrode spaced from the cathode electrode. The tubes each contain gas at a pressure of between about 1/100 and 1 atmosphere, and the spacing between the tip of the cathode electrodes and anode electrodes is equal to or less than about 0.5 .mu.m. The tubes are operated at voltages such that the mean free path of electrons travelling in the gas between the cathode and anode electrodes is equal to or greater than the spacing between the tip of the cathode electrode and the associated anode electrode. Both diode and triode arrays are shown.

Abstract: Radiographic imaging method and apparatus are disclosed which include a gas gap formed between closely spaced dielectric and photoconductor surfaces, across which gap a uniform strength electric field is applied. Counting gas is supplied to the gas gap, and penetrating radiation, such as X-ray radiation, is directed onto the photoconductor through an object to be examined. Photons absorbed in the photoconductor induce electron-hole pairs resulting in increased localized conductivity thereof and localized intensification of the electric field across the gas gap to a level for production of gas discharge across the gap. Ion amplification by Townsend cascade enhances charge transfer in the gas gap. An apertured platen may be provided against which dielectric imaging paper is held by gas pressure to facilitate formation of the narrow, substantially uniform width, gas gap. A charge image is produced on the dielectric imaging surface which then is developed using conventional xerographic developing techniques.

Abstract: A parallel exposure electron beam lithography system for directly writing an integrated circuit pattern simultaneously at a plurality of locations on the surface of a resist-coated semiconductor wafer is disclosed.An electron source produces an electron beam which is used to illuminate an object aperture. A screen lens consisting of a multiplicity of holes breaks up the flood electron beam emanating from the object aperture into a multiplicity of beams in parallel and focuses them on a resist-coated substrate. Each hole in the screen lens acts like a small aperture lens when a positive potential is applied to the wafer with respect to the screen lens.A pair of octupole deflectors electronically control the angle with which the electron beam strikes the screen lens. This controls the deflection of the images beneath each of the screen lenses.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor, formed on a conductive substrate by spray pyrolysis, comprising essentially a major amount of cadmium sulphide and a minor amount of zinc sulphide. The cadmium layer is at least three microns in thickness and is formed in three zones. The zone adjacent the metal substrate, adapted to form a contact layer, bears an amount of lead sulphide; the outermost zone, adapted to absorb light, is doped with a minor amount of copper to eliminate fatigue; and the intermediate zone, which is necessary to increase the surface potential, is adapted to transport light-generated charge and is doped with a minor amount of chlorine. The process is carried on in the atmosphere with three different aqueous solutions of reagents to form the three different zones. The photoconductive layer is microcrystalline in structure and bears adsorbed oxygen.

Abstract: A mass data storage arrangement such as for books, is provided, by recording the data in the form of one micron pits in radial rows within spiral grooves of a disc. A reading element comprises a CRT providing a light beam output, which is focused down to one micron in size. The spot output of the CRT is scanned across each row having the presence or absence of pits. The light reflected from the disc is modulated by the presence or absence of pits and is reflected to a photomultiplier. The output of the photomultiplier is decoded and then displayed in human language form.