Abstract: A fuel injection pumping apparatus of the rotary distributor type has a distributor member rotatable within an angularly adjustable sleeve carried in the body of the apparatus. The sleeve is coupled to an angularly adjustable cam ring having internal lobes operable to impart pumping movement to a plunger carried in a bore in the distributor member. The distributor member has a delivery passage connected to the bore for registration with outlets in turn to the sleeve. The distributor member also has a further and restricted passage which registers with the outlet which has just received fuel for the purpose of absorbing pressure waves which may be reflected back to the outlet from the associated injection nozzle. The fact that the sleeve and cam ring are connected to each other means that as timing variation is effected by moving the cam ring angularly the phasing between the outlets, the delivery passage and the further passage remains constant.

Abstract: A delivery valve for use in a fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine comprises a valve body defining a bore in which is slidably mounted a valve member which is biased towards one end of the bore by a coiled compression spring.A first circumferential groove in the bore communicates with the one end of the bore and a second groove on the valve member communicates with the first groove and is exposed beyond the other end of the bore when the valve is opened to allow fuel flow past the valve. The valve member is moved by fuel pressure at the one of the bore and the extent of movement of the valve member against the action of the spring is limited.

Abstract: A fuel injection pumping apparatus for supplying fuel to an internal combustion engine includes a cylinder in which is located a fluid pressure operable piston. An outlet extends from one end of the cylinder and a valve controls the flow of fuel to the one of the cylinder from a fuel source. Also provided is an engine driven cam for actuating a plunger reciprocable in a bore. A second valve controls fluid flow from the bore to the other end of the cylinder and the valve is controlled by an electromagnetic actuator. Transducer means responsive to the position of the cam provides signals to control the actuator, the amount of fuel which flows into the one end of the cylinder being represented by the angular movement of the cam.

Abstract: A fuel injection pumping apparatus of the rotary distributor type has cam lobes of a special form in which following the crest of the cam lobe there is a first portion during which limited outward movement of the pumping plunger can take place to relieve pressure in the pipelines connecting the pump with the injection nozzles and this is followed by a second portion which causes slight inward movement is to close any cavities in the fuel contained within the passage of the apparatus.

Abstract: A fuel injection system for a compression ignition engine includes a high pressure fuel pump, an injection nozzle and valve means adjacent the pump. The valve means includes a first valve member spring biased to a closed position and a second valve also spring biased to a closed position. The first valve member defines an absorbing chamber which following the closure of the second valve member upon cessation of fuel flow has the pressure therein reduced. A valve element can open the absorbing chamber to the pipeline connecting the valve means to the nozzle, when a reflected pressure wave travels towards the pump from the nozzle, the reflected pressure wave being absorbed in the chamber.

Abstract: A fuel injection pumping apparatus for supplying fuel to an internal combustion engine is of the rotary distributor type having a distributor member including a transverse bore and a pair of pumping plungers slidable in the bore. At the outer ends of the plungers cam followers are mounted and first and second cam rings are provided having cam lobes to actuate the plungers respectively. The cam follower associated with one plunger has a shoe carrying a follower for engagement with the lobes of the first cam ring only and the cam follower associated with the other plunger has a shoe and a divided roller for engagement with the second cam ring which is also divided. The number of cam lobes on each cam ring is equal to the number of cylinders of the associated engine and the cam rings are positioned angularly relative to each other so that inward movement is imparted to each plunger at the same time during rotation of the distributor member.

Abstract: A fuel injection pumping apparatus for supplying fuel to an internal combustion engine, includes an injection pump having a plunger movable inwardly by cam means to effect delivery of fuel and a valve operable to control the supply of fuel to the bore containing the plunger. The valve is electrically controlled and the apparatus includes an electronic control system which is supplied with signals from transducers which are responsive to the positions of the cam means and a rotary part of the apparatus relative to the housing of the apparatus. The control system has information stored therein regarding the profile of the cam means, and controls the operation of the valve so that the correct amount of fuel is supplied to the bore.

Abstract: A fuel pumping apparatus includes an injection pump to which fuel is supplied through an adjustable throttle and which includes a fluid pressure operable device for controlling the timing of delivery of fuel. In order to accurately control the timing in accordance with the speed and the amount of fuel supplied to the engine a transducer is provided to sense the throttle position and a further transducer to measure the pressure upstream of the throttle. The signals from these transducers together with an engine speed signal are supplied to a circuit which computes or on the basis of stored information, provides a fuel quantity signal. The fuel quantity signal is supplied to a further circuit together with a speed signal which produces a desired timing signal. This signal is utilized to control the pressure applied to the device.

Abstract: A fuel injection pump for supplying fuel to an internal combustion engine includes a plunger reciprocable within a bore by cams on a cam ring. Fuel is supplied to the bore by a throttle. A first valve is provided which connects a point intermediate the throttle and the bore with a drain. A second valve is provided to ensure that the pressure applied to the outer end of the plunger is above said drain pressure. When the first valve is opened the pressure acting at the outer end of the plunger will move it inwardly to ensure that it cannot be actuated by the cam.

Abstract: A fuel injection nozzle unit includes a differential valve member biased by a spring to a closed position and opened to allow fuel flow through an outlet by fuel under pressure from an inlet. The spring is housed within a spring chamber and fuel leaking into this chamber is vented to the inlet when delivery of fuel has ceased. A relief valve is provided which has a valve element having a surface exposed to the pressure in the chamber and an opposing surface exposed to the pressure exterior of the nozzle unit. The valve element is biased to a closed position by a spring and it controls flow along a path from the chamber to the inlet. The flow path also incorporates a non-return valve. The valve element is set to lift from its seating at a pressure which is greater than the residual pressure in the inlet plus the pressure required to open the non-return valve.

Abstract: A fuel pumping apparatus includes an injection pump which is supplied with fuel through a passage from a feed pump. A throttle member having a groove is angularly adjustable to determine the rate of fuel flow. For this purpose the groove has variable communication with a port at the end of the passage. The throttle member has a further groove which when the throttle is closed to prevent fuel flow to the injection pump, places the port in communication with a further port connected to a low pressure. This allows fuel to be expelled from the injection pump so that delivery of small amounts of fuel to the engine does not occur when the throttle is closed.

Abstract: A fuel injection system for supplying fuel to an internal combustion engine includes a piston slidable within a cylinder, the piston being subjected to the pressure of air within the engine cylinder during the compression stroke. Displacement of the piston generates a fuel pressure in a pumping chamber which is sufficiently high to open the valve member of a fuel injection nozzle which fuel is supplied to the combustion space. A valve is provided through which fuel can be admitted to the cylinder from a source of fuel under pressure and a non-return valve is provided between the aforesaid cylinder and the pumping chamber.

Abstract: A fuel injection system for supplying fuel to a combustion space of an internal combustion engine includes a fuel injection nozzle having a fuel inlet and outlets which direct fuel into the combustion space. A piston is provided within a cylinder one end of which is subjected to the pressure within the combustion space. The other end of the cylinder communicates with the inlet of the nozzle and a valve is provided whereby a fuel injection pump is held out of communication with the inlet of the nozzle until the piston has moved inwardly under the action of rising pressure within the combustion chamber. During the inward movement fuel is displaced by the piston to the nozzle and this is supplied as a pilot quantity of fuel to the combustion space.

Abstract: A fuel injection system includes a first piston which can be subjected to fluid under pressure to cause displacement of a further piston, which causes delivery of fuel through an outlet. In addition a second piston is provided which is located in a cylinder communicating with the cylinder containing the first piston. The second piston is of smaller diameter and can also be subjected to fluid under pressure. When this occurs the second piston is moved and transfers fluid under pressure into the cylinder containing the first piston to achieve a limited delivery of fuel through the outlet. Valve means is provided to control the application of fluid pressure to the second piston and also the first piston.

Abstract: A fuel injection nozzle comprises a poppet valve member having a head which is adapted to co-operate with a seating to control the flow of fuel through a spray orifice from an inlet. The poppet valve defines a first surface against which fuel under pressure can act from the inlet to lift the poppet valve from its seating and the orifice is formed in the valve member below the head so that when the poppet valve is closed the orifice is closed off from the combustion space of the engine. A second surface of annular form and facing into an annular chamber is provided to surround the poppet valve member and in communication with the inlet by way of a non-return valve, the pressure acting on the second surface to oppose the lifting of the head from the seat of the poppet valve.

Abstract: A device for indicating changes in the specific gravity of a liquid comprises first and second floats adapted to float on the surface of the liquid, the float having different shapes and/or densities so that the depth of the floats in the liquid varies in accordance with the specific gravity of the liquid and means for producing an electrical signal dependent upon the depth to which the floats are immersed relative to one another.

Abstract: A fuel injection nozzle includes a valve member axially slidable within a bore and shaped at its end to define a substantially conical valve surface which co-operates with a seating surface to control the flow of fuel through outlet orifices. One of said surfaces defines two spaced hardened zones for co-operation with the other surface, the outlet orifice extending from intermediate said zones.

Abstract: A fuel injection pumping apparatus includes a displacement piston housed within a cylinder and movable towards one end of the cylinder to effect injection of fuel to an associated engine. The displacement piston is moved by a fluid pressure operable member and valve means is provided to control the application of fluid pressure to the member from a source. There is interposed between the valve means and the cylinder containing the fluid pressure operable member, a variable orifice which acts to limit at least the initial rate of movement of the displacement member thereby to control the initial rate of injection of fuel.

Abstract: A hydraulic system comprises an electrically controlled actuator element operable to initiate delivery of liquid. The system also includes a movable member the movement of which is representative of the amount of liquid delivered and sensing means is provided for detecting movement of the member. The sensing means provides a control signal which is arranged to effect a change in the state of the actuator element when the required quantity of liquid has been delivered.