Abstract: A method of treating Alzheimer's Disease and/or Multiple Sclerosis and/or Minimally Conscious State and/or Mood Disorders and/or vascular brain disorders where there is small vessel compromise in a subject in need thereof, comprising applying a neuromodulation signal to the 1PAG or v1PAG of the subject.

Abstract: A method of treating Alzheimer's Disease and/or Multiple Sclerosis and/or Minimally Conscious State and/or Mood Disorders and/or vascular brain disorders where there is small vessel compromise in a subject in need thereof, comprising applying a neuromodulation signal to the 1PAG or v1PAG of the subject.

Abstract: An array stimulator has a plurality of electrodes in an array, the electrodes forming a plurality of electrode pairs, and a signal generator for generating signals to the electrodes so as to generate electrical pulse in a patient to which the stimulator has been applied either transcutaneously or by implantation. Those electrical pulses form a composite pulse in the patient which stimulates the nervous system of the patient. The composite pulse has a duration between 4 ?s and 1500 ?s and a maximum voltage between 2V and 50V when the stimulator is implanted, and 15V to 500V when applied transcutaneously. The electrical pulses themselves are significantly shorter duration than the composite pulse, so they stimulate the nervous system of the patient much less than the composite pulse or not at all.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing analgesia in a patient through electrical signals applied through electrodes to a patient's body, and methods of treating patients using the apparatus. The apparatus comprises a signal generator arranged to generate a biphasic waveform comprising successive cycles each containing a positive and negative pulse.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing analgesia in a patient through electrical signals applied through electrodes to a patient's body, and methods of treating patients using the apparatus. The apparatus comprises a signal generator arranged to generate a biphasic waveform comprising successive cycles each containing a positive and negative pulse.

Abstract: An array stimulator has a plurality of electrodes in an array (22), the electrodes forming a plurality of electrode pairs, and a signal generator (18) for generating signals to the electrodes so as to generate electrical pulse in a patient to which the stimulator has been applied either transcutaneously or by implantation. Those electrical pulses form a composite pulse in the patient which stimulates the nervous system of the patient. The composite pulse has a duration between 4 ?s and 1500 ?s and a maximum voltage between 2V and 50V when the stimulator is implanted, and 15V to 500V when applied transcutaneously. The electrical pulses themselves are significantly shorter duration than the composite pulse, so they stimulate the nervous system of the patient much less than the composite pulse or not at all.

Abstract: In order to transfer electrical energy to an implemented medical device (04) power electrodes (02) are fitted in contact with the body of a human or animal into which the medical device has been implanted. The power electrodes (02) may be directly on the skin of the body or may penetrate the skin. The implanted medical device (04) has implanted electrodes (03) which receive electrical energy via the body. To power the implanted medical device (04), a power device (01) applies an electric potential in the form of a repetitive waveform to the power electrodes (02), thereby generating an electric current in the body, and transferring electrical energy via the implanted electrodes (03) to the implanted medical device (04). Preferably the waveform is a pulsed waveform with pulses of a duration not greater than 8 ?s and an inter-pulse spacing not greater than 20 ?s.