Abstract: An optical device is useful as a microlens array or a grating lens, which comprises microlens portions each having a light transmittance of not less than 80% within a visible light range, and produced by subjecting a photo-curable monomer composition to two-stage light-irradiation comprising a partial irradiation and a whole irradiation.

Abstract: There is disclosed an organic nonlinear optical material which comprises a polymer having the following constitutional units, in amounts of 5 to 100 mole % of (I) and 0 to 95 mole % of (II), and a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polymer being 10,000 to 2,000,000. ##STR1## wherein the symbols represent the same meanings as defined in the specification. ##STR2## A nonlinear optical element has large nonlinear optical effect and yet is excellent in molding processability so that it can be widely applied to the filed of optical processings.

Abstract: There is disclosed an organic nonlinear optical material which comprises a polymer having the following constitutional units, in amounts of 5 to 100 mole % of (I), 0 to 50 mole % of (II) and 0 to 50 mole % of (III), and a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polymer being 10,000 to 2,000,000: ##STR1## wherein m, n, X, Y and A have the meanings as defined in the specification, ##STR2## wherein R.sup.2 represents an alkyl group, and ##STR3## A nonlinear optical element which is tough with wide surface as well as having large nonlinear optical effect can be obtained.

Abstract: Disclosed is a vinylidene cyanide copolymer obtained by copolymerization of vinylidene cyanide and two kind of vinyl compounds.By formation of a ternary copolymer, a monomer difficultly copolymerizabke with vinylidene cyanide can be incorporated into the polymer, and high piezoelectric performance can be obtained when polarized.

Abstract: A vinylidene cyanide copolymer obtained by copolymerizing vinyldene cyanide represented by formula (I) ##STR1## and a vinyl compound represented by formula (II) ##STR2## wherein Z represents a hydrogen atom or a saturated hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; when Z is a hydrogen atom, R represents C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 COO--, wherein n represents 0 or an integer of from 4 to 9; and when Z is a saturated hydrocarbon group, R represents CH.sub.3 COO-- or a group having a benzene ring. The copolymer is excellent in transparency and provides an electret exhibiting excellent pyroelectricity or piezoelectricity upon polarization.

Abstract: An optical material obtained by electrically polarizing a high polymer molded article obtained from a composition comprising a copolymer of vinylidene cyanide and at least one comonomer selected from vinyl compounds, other vinylidene compounds and dienes having uniformly dispersed therein from 0.1 to 70% by weight of an organic molecular crystal having nonlinear optical effects, with the total amount of the copolymer and the organic molecular crystal being 100% by weight. The optical material has excellent orientation of the organic molecular crystal, great nonlinear optical effects, and excellent moldability.

Abstract: A process for producing a perovskite-type oxide of the ABO.sub.3 type is disclosed. A solution of an element A (Pb, Ca, Sr and/or La) and an element B (Ti and/or Zr) is brought into contact with oxalic acid in the presence of an alcohol to precipitate oxalic acid salts; the acid radicals in the solution are neutralized with an amine or ammonia; the resulting precipitate is then subjected to calcination.A fine-grained ferroelectric oxide having a sharp grain size distribution can be produced, with its chemcial composition being exactly controlled. This oxide is suitable for use as a piezoelectric, pyroelectric or ferroelectric material.

Abstract: An ultrasonic transducer includes a piezoelectric member consisting of either a unpolarized piezoelectric polymer material or the like, or an in-advance polarized piezoelectric polymer material or the like, a first flexible substrate on which a first electrode set and their connecting leads are formed, these being bonded to one surface of the piezoelectric member, and a second flexible substrate on which a second electrode and its connecting lead are formed, these being bonded to the other surface of the piezoelectric member, wherein the piezoelectric member is sandwiched between the first electrode set and second electrode. The electrodes can apply a voltage to polarize the unpolarized piezoelectric polymer material in a manufacturing process of the piezoelectric member, or apply a drive voltage to the finished ultrasonic transducer.

Abstract: An ultrasonic transducer includes a plate-shaped piezoelectric body made of a piezoelectric polymer material and having a polarized portion obtained by polarizing a prescribed region thereof, as well as first and second unpolarized portions contiguous to the polarized portion. A first electrode is formed on one main surface of the piezoelectric body to cover the polarized portion and has an edge portion extending over the first unpolarized portion. A second electrode is formed on the other main surface of the piezoelectric body to cover the polarized portion and has an edge portion extending over the second unpolarized portion. A first conductive lead is electrically connected to the edge portion of the first electrode, and a second conductive lead is electrically connected to the edge portion of the second electrode.

Abstract: An ultrasonic transducer includes a piezoelectric member consisting of either a unpolarized piezoelectric polymer material or the like, or an in-advance polarized piezoelectric polymer material or the like, a first flexible substrate on which a first electrode set and their connecting leads are formed, these being bonded to one surface of the piezoelectric member, and a second flexible substrate on which a second electrode and its connecting lead are formed, these being bonded to the other surface of the piezoelectric member, wherein the piezoelectric member is sandwiched between the first electrode set and second electrode. The electrodes can apply a voltage to polarize the unpolarized piezoelectric polymer material in a manufacturing process of the piezoelectric member, or apply a drive voltage to the finished ultrasonic transducer. Also disclosed is a method of manufacturing the ultrasonic transducer.

Abstract: In producing an electret element having piezoelectric properties by subjecting a vinylidene cyanide copolymer to a polarization treatment, the copolymer is heat-treated at a temperature below the glass transition temperature thereof prior to or simultaneously with the polarization treatment to thereby increase the longitudinal piezoelectric effect (Kt).

Abstract: A biological transducer device for measuring blood pressure, heart pulse, heart sound etc. comprising a high molecular piezoelectric element which is in a thin film or ribbon form so that the transducer is very pliable so as to make close accurate contact with a measuring point on a human body without producing any creases. The piezoelectric element is enclosed in netting comprised of a metal wire mesh so that the transducer is completely shielded from outer mechanical and electrical noise.

Abstract: An apparatus for vibrating the ulna in vivo includes a main post provided upright on a base stand, and a horizontally extending upper arm secured to the upper part of the main post for vertical movement. The apparatus also includes a plate for fixing the back of the hand; the plate is secured to the end of the upper arm for free movement at an arbitrary angle of inclination. A lower arm which is secured for vertical movement to the lower part of the main post and extending in the same horizontal direction as the upper arm is also provided. In addition, an excitor is mounted on the lower arm for sliding movement in the axial direction of the lower arm and in a horizontal direction perpendicular thereto, and a brachium resting plate is fixed ahead of the excitor.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of manufacturing pyroelectricity and piezoelectricity elements consisting of a very thin film of polyvinylidene fluoride or a copolymer of polyvinylidene fluoride less than 7 micron thickness which is stretched while in close contact with a laminating resin which has a low adherence to said film so that said film can be stretched very thin as stated above.

Abstract: A catheter having a transducer that comprises an organic high polymer filmlike piezoelectric element or elements. The catheter has the capacity of converting, safely and with accurate wave shapes, pressure in the living body, for example blood pressure, pressure in a thorax, or intrauterine pressure, into an electric signal. By means of this catheter, pressure in the living body can be measured.

Abstract: Piezo-electric material comprising composite of acetal resin which is blended with polymer having high relative permittivity and piezo-electric ceramics powder, the composite being molded and electeretized. The piezo-electric material has excellent moldability and pliability.