Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a substrate with approximately vertically aligned carbon nanotubes, the carbon nanotubes configured to have excellent transferability and be able to transfer a carbon nanotube layer that is more uniform in thickness than ever before. Disclosed is a substrate with approximately vertically aligned carbon nanotubes, wherein the carbon nanotubes are approximately vertically aligned on the substrate, and wherein, at the substrate side rather than the middle part of the longitudinal direction of the carbon nanotubes, there is a part where the number density of the carbon nanotubes in an approximately parallel plane to the substrate, is smaller than that in other parts.

Abstract: Provided is a solar cell including: a transparent electrode (2) formed as an n-type semiconductor; a plurality of carbon nanotube groups (3) placed in parallel to each other on and perpendicularly to the lower surface of the transparent electrode (2); and metal electrodes (4) placed on the lower surfaces of the carbon nanotube groups (3) opposite to the electrode (2). The diameters of the carbon nanotubes of the carbon nanotube groups (3) in parallel to each other are varied from one side of the electrode (2) to the other side thereof, and the group III atoms are doped into the carbon nanotube groups to form p-type semiconductors.

Abstract: A method for determining an amount of correction of a bearing height includes the steps of: determining the heights of bearings in an engine by using a transfer matrix method based on an actually measured bearing load and an actually measured crank deflection; determining a computed bearing load acting on each of the bearings based on the determined bearing height; determining a reference bearing load acting on each bearing when the bearing height of each bearing is positioned on a reference plane; determining a load difference between the computed bearing load and the reference bearing load on each bearing; and comparing the determined load difference with a set range and, when the determined load difference exceeds the set range, determining a correction range of the bearing height such that the load difference falls within an allowable range.

Abstract: A method for determining an amount of correction of a bearing height includes the steps of: determining the heights of bearings in an engine by using a transfer matrix method based on an actually measured bearing load and an actually measured crank deflection; determining a computed bearing load acting on each of the bearings based on the determined bearing height; determining a reference bearing load acting on each bearing when the bearing height of each bearing is positioned on a reference plane; determining a load difference between the computed bearing load and the reference bearing load on each bearing; and comparing the determined load difference with a set range and, when the determined load difference exceeds the set range, determining a correction range of the bearing height such that the load difference falls within an allowable range.

Abstract: A bearing metal 11 for supporting a rotating shaft body, that is composed of an upper split metal and a lower split metal, and has a lubrication groove formed in the circumferential direction in an inner circumferential surface. As for the lubrication groove formed on the upper split metal 12 side, in a case where the direction of maximum displacement of the rotating shaft body is above a mating plane S of the upper and lower split metals 12, 13, an upper lubrication groove 14 is not disposed from the mating plane in the direction of maximum displacement to a portion N above a vicinity M of the mating plane. As for the lubrication groove formed on the lower split metal 13 side, a lower lubrication groove 15 is disposed in the vicinity M of the mating plane on the opposite side to the direction of maximum displacement.

Abstract: An evaluation map showing the allowable ranges (A) of the crank deflection and bearing loads determined according to the inclination of the crankshaft of an engine and the intermediate shaft is prepared beforehand. When the engine is installed in a ship, the inclination of the shafts within the allowable ranges can be easily known. While the ship is in service, the shafting alignment of the ship can be evaluated by merely measuring the inclination of the crankshaft and the intermediate shaft.

Abstract: Novel fire detection method and apparatus for positively detecting a fire in the stage of initial smoldering fire or smokeless burning with a high sensitivity. A sensor apparatus disposed in an area i makes gas detection and gas recognition using an existing pattern recognition method such as principal component analysis. If no gas is detected, flag f.sub.i =0 is set. If a gas is detected and recognized as a water vapor, f.sub.i =1 is set. If it is not recognized as a water vapor, f.sub.i =0 is set. Monitoring N areas as above, J=f.sub.1 +f.sub.2 + . . . +f.sub.N is calculated, if 0<J<N, an area of f.sub.i =1 is recognized as highly possible to be a fire. When J=0 or J=N, it is recognized as a non-fire since it is highly possible as due to detection of a gas other than a water vapor such as alcohol or an ordinary humidity change.