Abstract: Various systems and methods for fault-tolerant and otherwise optimized communication, in which a system includes communication nodes connected by wireless data links together forming a ring structure, as well as additional wireless data links operative to partition the ring structure into multiple sub-ring structures. The system is operative to select, per each of the sub-ring structures, one of the wireless data links to remain dormant, thereby effectively creating a certain communication tree structure. The system is further operative, upon detecting a communication problem or inefficiency in any or all of the sub-ring structures, to shut-down, per sub-ring structure detected, the problematic or otherwise inefficient wireless data link, and to reactivate instead the dormant wireless data link, thereby effectively switching to a new communication tree structure, and thus resolving the problem or otherwise improving efficiency.

Abstract: Various systems and methods for fault-tolerant and otherwise optimized communication, in which a system includes communication nodes connected by wireless data links together forming a ring structure, as well as additional wireless data links operative to partition the ring structure into multiple sub-ring structures. The system is operative to select, per each of the sub-ring structures, one of the wireless data links to remain dormant, thereby effectively creating a certain communication tree structure. The system is further operative, upon detecting a communication problem or inefficiency in any or all of the sub-ring structures, to shut-down, per sub-ring structure detected, the problematic or otherwise inefficient wireless data link, and to reactivate instead the dormant wireless data link, thereby effectively switching to a new communication tree structure, and thus resolving the problem or otherwise improving efficiency.

Abstract: An ultra-high-bandwidth low-power-consumption wireless communication system includes (i) a Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit (RFIC) comprising a radio transmitter, transmitting millimeter-wave signals. The radio transmitter includes a Power Amplifier (PA) outputting the millimeter-wave signals at a low power level of between ?10 dBm and 20 dBm, and by that allowing inclusion of the PA in the RFIC. The radio transmitter further includes a Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) and a synthesizer driving a mixer up-converting signals into the millimeter-wave signals. The VCO and synthesizer have a combined phase noise between a first level and a second level, wherein the first level is high enough to allow inclusion of the VCO and synthesizer in the RFIC, and the second level is low enough to facilitate transmitting at 16-levels Quadrature-Amplitude-Modulation (16QAM).

Abstract: A method of automatic alignment of two directional beams having a known path attenuation, and an antenna gain pattern, for mutual transmission, comprises: determining a beam width between two angles of minimal detectable connection on either side of a beam maximum; then mapping points onto a scan field in a regular pattern, the pattern based on the beam width, such that a beam with the determined beam width is detected once if the beam is in the scan field at all; scanning the first antenna over the mapped scan points; and for each point allowing the second antenna to scan over all of its own set of mapped scan points, thereby providing a coarse alignment of the two antennas to achieve at least a minimal mutual connection. The coarse alignment may be followed by a fine alignment to maximize the signal.

Abstract: A Point-to-Point communication system includes (i) a millimeter-wave channel having a substantially flat channel transfer function between a first frequency of millimeter-waves and a second frequency of millimeter-waves, the two frequencies are separated by at least 500 MHz, (ii) a transmission system configured to transmit an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signal having a bandwidth of at least 100 MHz over the millimeter-wave channel as a millimeter-wave signal located between the first frequency and the second frequency, and (iii) a reception system comprising a radio receiver having a substantially non-flat reception transfer function over the bandwidth of the OFDM signal, configured to receive the millimeter-wave signal via the millimeter-wave channel and down-convert the millimeter-wave signal into a reconstruction of the OFDM signal having a bandwidth of at least 100 MHz, and an OFDM de-modulator configured to compensate for the substantially non-flat reception transfer function, by d

Abstract: A system for fault-tolerant communication includes N nodes, out of which one is a gateway node, and N data links, each data link connecting two of the nodes, forming a ring structure. At least two of the data links are wireless data links. The system substantially do not use one of the wireless data links to send data, effectively partitioning the ring structure into a first chain and a second chain. The system sends data downstream direction and upstream direction, through the first and second chains. The system detaches at least one node from the first chain, by substantially stop using a wireless data link having a reduction in performance and belonging to the first chain, and connects the at least one node to the second chain by starting to use the wireless data link that was substantially not in use.

Abstract: A method for performing rate adaptation of millimeter wave transmissions in a substantially line-of-sight OFDM outdoor system over a radio frequency (RF) channel includes the following. First a channel quality estimator indicative of a quality of an outdoor millimeter-wave RF channel is received. A sequence of parameter changes is defined to dynamically adjust transmission quality for the rate adaptation. The rate adaptation includes dynamic adaptation of bandwidth and at least one other parameter. The sequence is stored as a table of vectors, each vector comprising a combination of parameters where one of parameters is bandwidth. The parameter vectors in the table are dynamically worked through in response to the channel quality estimator.

Abstract: An ultra-high-bandwidth low-power-consumption wireless communication system includes (i) a Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit (RFIC) comprising a radio transmitter, transmitting millimeter-wave signals. The radio transmitter includes a Power Amplifier (PA) outputting the millimeter-wave signals at a low power level of between ?10 dBm and 20 dBm, and by that allowing inclusion of the PA in the RFIC. The radio transmitter further includes a Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) and a synthesizer driving a mixer up-converting signals into the millimeter-wave signals. The VCO and synthesizer have a combined phase noise between a first level and a second level, wherein the first level is high enough to allow inclusion of the VCO and synthesizer in the RFIC, and the second level is low enough to facilitate transmitting at 16-levels Quadrature-Amplitude-Modulation (16QAM).

Abstract: A Point-to-Point communication system includes (i) a millimeter-wave channel having a substantially flat channel transfer function between a first frequency of millimeter-waves and a second frequency of millimeter-waves, the two frequencies are separated by at least 500 MHz, (ii) a transmission system configured to transmit an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signal having a bandwidth of at least 100 MHz over the millimeter-wave channel as a millimeter-wave signal located between the first frequency and the second frequency, and (iii) a reception system comprising a radio receiver having a substantially non-flat reception transfer function over the bandwidth of the OFDM signal, configured to receive the millimeter-wave signal via the millimeter-wave channel and down-convert the millimeter-wave signal into a reconstruction of the OFDM signal having a bandwidth of at least 100 MHz, and an OFDM de-modulator configured to compensate for the substantially non-flat reception transfer function, by d

Abstract: A method for performing rate adaptation of millimeter wave transmissions in a substantially line-of-sight OFDM outdoor system over a radio frequency (RF) channel includes the following. First a channel quality estimator indicative of a quality of an outdoor millimeter-wave RF channel is received. A sequence of parameter changes is defined to dynamically adjust transmission quality for the rate adaptation. The rate adaptation includes dynamic adaptation of bandwidth and at least one other parameter. The sequence is stored as a table of vectors, each vector comprising a combination of parameters where one of parameters is bandwidth. The parameter vectors in the table are dynamically worked through in response to the channel quality estimator.

Abstract: A method of automatic alignment of two directional beams having a known path attenuation, and an antenna gain pattern, for mutual transmission, comprises: determining a beam width between two angles of minimal detectable connection on either side of a beam maximum; then mapping points onto a scan field in a regular pattern, the pattern based on the beam width, such that a beam with the determined beam width is detected once if the beam is in the scan field at all; scanning the first antenna over the mapped scan points; and for each point allowing the second antenna to scan over all of its own set of mapped scan points, thereby providing a coarse alignment of the two antennas to achieve at least a minimal mutual connection. The coarse alignment may be followed by a fine alignment to maximize the signal.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided for removing plaque from a blood vessel of a subject, including a catheter shaped to define an opening that is placed in the blood vessel. A pressure source propels a fluid jet through the opening, and a pressure sensor detects a pressure in the blood vessel induced by the jet. A control unit steers the jet in response to the detected pressure. Other embodiments are also described.