Abstract: There is described a method of determining power transmission line parameters using non-synchronous measurements acquired from different locations along a power transmission line.

Abstract: A method estimates a system value which indicates a state of an electrical distribution system. The method includes the steps of measuring one or more electrical quantities at a plurality of system nodes and providing measurement values, and generating the system value based on the measurement values as well as on weighting coefficients that define or reflect the timely change rate of the measurement values and/or the transmission rate of the measurement values.

Abstract: A method performs state estimation of a distribution network based on real time measurement values. The method includes calculating load scaling factors at least for non-redundantly measurable parts of the distribution network, determining whether each of the load scaling factors related to a non-redundantly measurable part of the distribution network is within a given range (RLSF), and discarding the measurement values related to the corresponding scaling factor for all load scaling factors outside the given range (RLSF). The network state of the distribution network is then estimated based on the remaining measurement values.

Abstract: There is described a method of determining power transmission line parameters using non-synchronous measurements acquired from different locations along a power transmission line.

Abstract: A method for operating an energy distribution network where the energy distribution is monitored by at least one control device. In order to optimize the operating state of the energy distribution network, modification actions are implemented with the aim of improving the operating state of the energy distribution network. Prior to implementing a modification action, the control device verifies whether the extent of improvement in the operating state of the energy distribution network outweighs the extent of wastage from the energy distribution network caused by the implementation of the modification action, and only implements the modification action when this is the case.

Abstract: A method estimates a system value which indicates a state of an electrical distribution system. The method includes the steps of measuring one or more electrical quantities at a plurality of system nodes and providing measurement values, and generating the system value based on the measurement values as well as on weighting coefficients that define or reflect the timely change rate of the measurement values and/or the transmission rate of the measurement values.

Abstract: In an energy distribution system, energy is fed through substations into subnetworks and the distribution is monitored by a central device superordinate to the substations. At least one substation is operated in an optimization mode for optimizing the operation of the entire energy distribution grid. The substation thereby investigates a modification action which could be performed by the substation in its subnetwork for the effect of the modification action on the operating state of the entire energy distribution system. The substation receives substation-individual sensitivity values, which indicate the change in the local operating state in the subnetwork assigned to the respective other substation if the modification action were to be implemented. The substation operated in the optimization mode checks, based on the sensitivity values, whether the modification action would result in an improvement of the operating state for the entire energy distribution grid.

Abstract: A method performs state estimation of a distribution network based on real time measurement values. The method includes calculating load scaling factors at least for non-redundantly measurable parts of the distribution network, determining whether each of the load scaling factors related to a non-redundantly measurable part of the distribution network is within a given range (RLSF), and discarding the measurement values related to the corresponding scaling factor for all load scaling factors outside the given range (RLSF). The network state of the distribution network is then estimated based on the remaining measurement values.

Abstract: A method for operating an energy distribution network where the energy distribution is monitored by at least one control device. In order to optimize the operating state of the energy distribution network, modification actions are implemented with the aim of improving the operating state of the energy distribution network. Prior to implementing a modification action, the control device verifies whether the extent of improvement in the operating state of the energy distribution network outweighs the extent of wastage from the energy distribution network caused by the implementation of the modification action, and only implements the modification action when this is the case.

Abstract: A state signal is produced that indicates a state of an energy transmission system. In the method, for pre-determined network nodes of the energy transmission system, electrical measuring values for at least one electrical measuring variable are measured and used to produce the state signal indicating the state. Respectively predicted load data that predict the electrical behavior of the respective load are associated with the electrical loads connected to the energy transmission system. The electrical loads are respectively associated with an electrical load group into which the electrical loads are collected with comparable prognostic reliability. An individual weighting value that describes the prognosis reliability of the predicted load data of the loads associated with the load group is respectively allocated to each load group. The state signal is formed using the measuring values, the load data and the weighting values.

Abstract: In an energy distribution system, energy is fed through substations into subnetworks and the distribution is monitored by a central device superordinate to the substations. At least one substation is operated in an optimization mode for optimizing the operation of the entire energy distribution grid. The substation thereby investigates a modification action which could be performed by the substation in its subnetwork for the effect of the modification action on the operating state of the entire energy distribution system. The substation receives substation-individual sensitivity values, which indicate the change in the local operating state in the subnetwork assigned to the respective other substation if the modification action were to be implemented. The substation operated in the optimization mode checks, based on the sensitivity values, whether the modification action would result in an improvement of the operating state for the entire energy distribution grid.

Abstract: An energy distribution network has a first substation, which is able to supply a first sub-network and a second substation, which is able to supply a second sub-network. The first and second sub-networks are electrically linked to one another via at least one switch so that the first sub-network, or a subsection thereof, connected to the first substation, is alternatively connected to the second substation for supply with energy by the second substation. The second substation is configured such that in response to a request to supply energy to the first sub-network or a subsection thereof, which were previously supplied with energy by the first substation, it checks whether it has sufficient resources to supply the first sub-network or the subsection. If sufficient resources exist, it starts to supply energy to the first sub-network or the subsection.

Abstract: A state signal is produced that indicates a state of an energy transmission system. In the method, for pre-determined network nodes of the energy transmission system, electrical measuring values for at least one electrical measuring variable are measured and used to produce the state signal indicating the state. Respectively predicted load data that predict the electrical behavior of the respective load are associated with the electrical loads connected to the energy transmission system. The electrical loads are respectively associated with an electrical load group into which the electrical loads are collected with comparable prognostic reliability. An individual weighting value that describes the prognosis reliability of the predicted load data of the loads associated with the load group is respectively allocated to each load group. The state signal is formed using the measuring values, the load data and the weighting values.

Abstract: A method for detecting a ground fault in an electrical supply system includes using a combination of components and their connections within the supply system to form virtual components, allowing presetting of fault indicators for incoming and outgoing supply lines to individual components. A fault index can be determined for each virtual component in conjunction with a respective association of a correlation coefficient with fault indicators and a subsequent normalization over all fault indicators using a correlation coefficient. Comparison of the indices of all virtual components of the supply system permits a determination of that virtual component in which the highest fault index occurs, and therefore in which there is the highest probability of a fault. The fault search in a supply system can therefore be determined quickly and easily independently of power supply system geometry and configuration. An apparatus performing the method and computer program product, are also provided.

Abstract: A method allows determining load flow in a symmetrical electrical supply grid, particularly a symmetrical electrical distribution grid having asymmetrical loads. The load flow is typically solved within an electrical supply grid by means of an extensive matrix system. The determination of power, voltage, and current at certain node points in the electrical supply grid leads to a large matrix to be solved, which previously had to be solved in whole using algebraic means. By converting the matrix to symmetrical space vector components that can be used to monitor the phase progression of the space vector components, it becomes possible to divide the entire matrix into partial matrices and thus to be able to calculate the partial matrices faster and in parallel using a computer system.

Abstract: A method for detecting a ground fault in an electrical supply system includes using a combination of components and their connections within the supply system to form virtual components, allowing presetting of fault indicators for incoming and outgoing supply lines to individual components. A fault index can be determined for each virtual component in conjunction with a respective association of a correlation coefficient with fault indicators and a subsequent normalization over all fault indicators using a correlation coefficient. Comparison of the indices of all virtual components of the supply system permits a determination of that virtual component in which the highest fault index occurs, and therefore in which there is the highest probability of a fault. The fault search in a supply system can therefore be determined quickly and easily independently of power supply system geometry and configuration. An apparatus performing the method and computer program product, are also provided.