Abstract: Provided is a fixing apparatus including a fixing member, wherein the fixing member includes a thermoplastic resin layer as an outermost surface layer; and the fixing apparatus includes an indentation forming member having a protrusion structure with no angular part formed on a surface for forming U-shaped indentations on the outermost surface layer by applying pressure on the fixing member.

Abstract: A fixing belt having high separability is provided. The fixing belt includes a base layer made of a heat-resistant resin, an intermediate layer made of a heat-resistant elastic material disposed on the base layer, and a surface layer made of a fluororesin disposed on the intermediate layer. The surface layer contains 5 to 15 mass % of carbon black having a primary average particle diameter of 10 to 50 ?m.

Abstract: A fixing belt having high separability is provided. The fixing belt includes a base layer made of a heat-resistant resin, an intermediate layer made of a heat-resistant elastic material disposed on the base layer, and a surface layer made of a fluororesin disposed on the intermediate layer. The surface layer contains 5 to 15 mass % of carbon black having a primary average particle diameter of 10 to 50 ?m.

Abstract: A fixing belt contains a base layer made of a heat-resistant resin, an elastic layer made of an elastic material, and a release layer, laminated in this order. The elastic layer has a linear thermal expansion coefficient of ?4.0×10?4 (1/K) or more and 1.0×10?4 (1/K) or less.

Abstract: A fixing belt includes: a base layer having heat resistance; an elastic layer disposed on the base layer and made of an elastic material; and a releasing layer disposed on the elastic layer, wherein a storage elastic modulus of the base layer is 3.8 to 4.8 GPa.

Abstract: Provided is a fixing belt including a base layer, an elastic layer, and a release layer. The release layer has surface geometry including a first uneven profile and a second uneven profile formed on the surface of the first uneven profile. The first uneven profile is represented as a maximum height roughness, Rz, of 5.0 to 100 ?m. The second uneven profile is represented as Rz of 0.5 to 0.9 ?m.

Abstract: Provided is a fixing belt including a base layer, an elastic layer, and a release layer. The release layer has surface geometry including a first uneven profile and a second uneven profile formed on the surface of the first uneven profile. The first uneven profile is represented as a maximum height roughness, Rz, of 5.0 to 100 ?m. The second uneven profile is represented as Rz of 0.5 to 0.9 ?m.

Abstract: A fixing belt according to the present invention has an endless shape and includes a base layer made of a heat-resistant resin; an elastic layer made of an elastic material; and a releasing layer which are stacked on one another in this order in which: the loss tangent tan ? of the elastic material at 20 Hz is 0.1 or smaller; and the fixing belt is mounted in a fixing device in the state where the belt is rotatably supported by two or more rollers including a heating roller, whereby favorable fixation performance and favorable separativeness relative to a recording medium can be achieved even in high speed image formation of an electrophotographic process.

Abstract: A resistance heating element contains a heat-resistant resin and conductive stainless steel fiber coated with a film, and satisfies the following expression (1): 1?(r1/r0)?1.03, where r0 represents the initial resistance value of the resistance heating element, and r1 represents the resistance value of the resistance heating element after allowed to stand at 30° C. and a relative humidity of 80% for one week.

Abstract: A fixing belt includes a base layer, an elastic layer made of an elastic material, and a release layer. The elastic layer includes a first elastic layer disposed on a side of the base layer, and a second elastic layer disposed on a side of the release layer. The second elastic layer has a lower hardness than that of the first elastic layer. A Universal hardness of the second elastic layer is 3 to 7 N/mm2. A thickness ratio of the second elastic layer to the elastic layer is 5 to 15%.

Abstract: An endless-belt shaped heating element is produced by: dispersing annealed stainless-steel fibers in the heat-resistant resin or a precursor thereof; and, producing a molded article of the heat-resistant resin in which the annealed stainless-steel fibers are dispersed.

Abstract: A fixing belt includes: a base layer having heat resistance; an elastic layer disposed on the base layer and made of an elastic material; and a releasing layer disposed on the elastic layer, wherein a storage elastic modulus of the base layer is 3.8 to 4.8 GPa.

Abstract: A fixing belt includes a base layer made of a heat-resistant resin, an elastic layer made of an elastic material, and a releasing layer, which are laminated in this order, and the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of viscoelastic modulus within a range of 100 to 200° C. is 0.8% or less. Further, the viscoelastic modulus of the fixing belt within the range of 100 to 200° C. is within a range of 50 to 62%.

Abstract: A fixing belt includes a base layer, an elastic layer made of an elastic material, and a release layer. The elastic layer includes a first elastic layer disposed on a side of the base layer, and a second elastic layer disposed on a side of the release layer. The second elastic layer has a lower hardness than that of the first elastic layer. A Universal hardness of the second elastic layer is 3 to 7 N/mm2. A thickness ratio of the second elastic layer to the elastic layer is 5 to 15%.

Abstract: Provided is a fixing belt wherein a base layer made of heat-resistant resin, an elastic layer made of an elastic material, and a release layer are laminated in this order, and the elastic layer has a linear thermal expansion coefficient of ?4.0×10?4 (1/K) or more and 1.0×10?4 (1/K) or less.

Abstract: A fixing belt includes a base layer made of a heat-resistant resin, an elastic layer made of an elastic material, and a releasing layer, which are laminated in this order, and the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of viscoelastic modulus within a range of 100 to 200° C. is 0.8% or less. Further, the viscoelastic modulus of the fixing belt within the range of 100 to 200° C. is within a range of 50 to 62%.

Abstract: An endless-belt shaped heating element is produced by: dispersing annealed stainless-steel fibers in the heat-resistant resin or a precursor thereof; and, producing a molded article of the heat-resistant resin in which the annealed stainless-steel fibers are dispersed.

Abstract: A fixing belt according to the present invention has an endless shape and includes a base layer made of a heat-resistant resin; an elastic layer made of an elastic material; and a releasing layer which are stacked on one another in this order in which: the loss tangent tan ? of the elastic material at 20 Hz is 0.1 or smaller; and the fixing belt is mounted in a fixing device in the state where the belt is rotatably supported by two or more rollers including a heating roller, whereby favorable fixation performance and favorable separativeness relative to a recording medium can be achieved even in high speed image formation of an electrophotographic process.

Abstract: An endless-belt shaped heating element made of a heat resisting resin in which stainless-steel fibers subjected to annealing treatment is dispersed is prepared. The heating element is adopted as a heating belt of a fixing device of an image forming apparatus.

Abstract: An endless heat-generation belt 10 includes a heat-generation layer 11 and a pair of metal electrodes 12 and 12. The heat-generation layer 11 is composed of an electroconductive resin composition and the heat-generation layer 11 can be heated by supplying electricity. The metal electrode 12 is bonded to the heat-generation layer 11 with an electroconductive adhesive 13. The electroconductive adhesive 13 contains an adhesive matrix and an electroconductive filler. The adhesive matrix is a modified silicone resin or an epoxy resin. The heat-generation belt 10 has excellent heat resistance, durability, and resistance stability, and it can be used for a fixing device of an image forming apparatus.