Abstract: A contact charging device for charging a moving surface of an electrostatic latent image support member includes a large number of brush hairs contacting the moving surface of the electrostatic latent image support member; a brush restricting member, which is disposed upstream to the brush hairs in a moving direction of the surface of the electrostatic latent image support member and contacts the brush hairs; and a brush holder member holding the brush hair group, the holder member being electrically coupled to a power supply to apply a voltage to the brush hairs.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photosensitive member in which a vacuum thin layer is formed as a surface protective layer on or over the roughened surface of the photosensitive layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photosensitive layer comprising:a substrate;a photosensitive layer formed on the substrate;a surface protective layer formed on the photosensitive layer, the surface protective layer being a deposited layer formed by a vacuum vapor deposition method to have no less than 400/cm.sup.2 solvent-penetrable spots formed in its thickness direction.

Abstract: In a printer, in which a fixed brush charger charges a surface of a photosensitive drum to form a charged area to be converted into an electrostatic latent image by an optical system, fine particles having a volumetric mean particle diameter of 5 to 20 .mu.m are supplied to the brush charger, from upstream side, in a moving direction of surface of the photosensitive member, of the charger, the particles being adhered onto the surface of the photosensitive member with an adhesion density of 5 to 1000 pcs/cm.sup.2.

Abstract: This invention relates to a photosensitive member comprising a conductive substrate; an organic photosensitive layer formed on the conductive substrate, and containing a solvent at a content of 1,500 ppm or less; and a surface protective layer formed on the organic photosensitive layer, which is composed of an amorphous hydrocarbon having an absorptivity coefficient of 400 to 5,000 cm.sup.-1 with respect to light of 450 nm wavelength.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a latent image carrier having a movable surface, and a stationary contact brush charger for electrostatically charging the surface of the latent image carrier in contact therewith during a movement of the carrier surface relative to the brush charger. In this apparatus, the contact time t, during which any arbitrarily chosen point on the carrier surface then moving in one direction is held in contact with the brush charger, and the electric resistance R of each of the brush bristles forming the brush charger are chosen such that the product of the contact time t multiplied by the common logarithm of the electric resistance R, i.e., (t.times.log.sub.10 R), is within the range of 0.9 to 4.6.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photosensitive member comprising a conductive substrate; an organic photosensitive layer formed on the conductive substrate, and containing a solvent at a content of 2,500 ppm or more; and a surface protective layer formed on the organic photosensitive layer, which is composed of an amorphous hydrocarbon having an absorptivity coefficient of 400 to 5,000 cm.sup.-1 with respect to light of 450 nm wavelength.

Abstract: A contact charger for charging an image bearing member comprises a support member, a flexible film supported at a side end by the support member and having a free end adapted to contact the surface of the image bearing member, and power device for applying charging voltage to the flexible film.

Abstract: The present invention relates to method and apparatus for processing a fused toner image onto paper by using toner having a predetermined mean particle size and paper having a specialized surface roughness so as to improve the fused strength of the toner and image quality.

Abstract: The present invention provides a photosensitive member comprising a carrier transporting layer of hydrogen-containing carbon, which is excellent in a charge transporting property, a chargeability, a rigidity and resistances to corona, acid, moisture and heat as well as an adhesive property of a charge transporting layer with a charge generating layer and a substrate.

Abstract: An image forming method comprising the steps of forming an electrostatic latent image on a photosensitive member having a surface layer containing binder resin and photosensitive material dispersed in the binder resin, supplying charged toner particles to the above electrostatic latent image to form a toner image on the above photosensitive member, conveying paper toward the surface of the above photosensitive member to engage the paper with the above toner image, and transferring the toner image formed on the photosensitive member to the above paper, the relationship among the normal velocity (N) [mm/sec] of the paper which is defined by the formula of (v) sin .theta., and the thickness (T) [.mu.m] and the Vickers hardness (V) of the surface layer of the above photosensitive member satisfying the condition of T.multidot.(V/N).sup.0.

Abstract: A photosensitive medium which comprises an electroconductive substrate, an organic photosensitive layer formed on the substrate and a surface protective layer formed on the photosensitive layer and including amorphous hydrocarbon. The surface protective layer has a first region overlaying the photosensitive layer and a second region overlaying the first region. The second region of the surface protective layer includes amorphous hydrocarbon having a light absorption coefficient at a wavelength of 450 nm which is greater than 10,000 cm.sup.-1, and the first region of the surface protective layer includes amorphous hydrocarbon having a light absorption coefficient which is relatively smaller than that of the second region of the surface protective layer.

Abstract: This invention relates to an image forming apparatus, an image forming method and a separating device, using a separating pawl brought into contact with a surface of the photosensitive member, characterized in that maximum surface roughness of portions, where the separating pawl is brought into contact with the photosensitive member, is smaller than a layer-thickness of the surface protective layer.

Abstract: This invention relates to a separating pawl installed in a copying machine wherein at least an edge of the separating pawl is composed of an amorphous carbon layer; the edge of the separating pawl being in contact with a surface of a photosensitive member on a surface of a fixing roller to separate a sheet like member.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photosensitive member comprising:an electrically conductive substrate,an organic photosensitive layer formed on or over the electrically conductive substrate, the organic photosensitive layer comprising an antioxidant and/or a charge transporting material, anda surface protective layer formed on the organic photosensitive member,characterized by that the antioxidant and/or the charge transporting material is (are) contained in a more increased quantity with being closer to the interface between the surface protective layer and the organic photosensitive layer.

Abstract: A cleaning device having a cleaning blade which has its forward end pressed into contact with the surface of an organic photosensitive member rotating at a peripheral speed of at least about 26 cm/sec to scrape off and remove residual developer from the surface of the photosensitive member. The contact face of the cleaning blade in contact with the photosensitive member makes a contact angle of about 9.5 to 14.5 degrees with a tangent line to the photosensitive member at the point of contact on one side of the blade toward the direction of rotation of the photosensitive member. The cleaning blade is pressed into contact with the photosensitive member with a force of about 0.1 to 10 g/mm. This prevents the cleaning blade from becoming reversed to entail improper cleaning or to impede the rotation of the photosensitive member.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of plasma-polymerization at low temperature (from normal temperature to about 100.degree. C.) and that at low frequency.

Abstract: A photosensitive member of the present invention comprises an electrically conductive substrate, a photoconductive layer and an overcoat layer.The photoconductive layer comprises selenium-arsenic alloy layer, or selenium layer and selenium-tellurium layer formed in this order. The overcoat layer comprises amorphous carbon containing hydrogen atoms, halogen atoms and at least one element selected from the group consisting of chalcogen, oxygen, nitrogen and elements in Group III and IV of the periodic table.The photosensitive member of this construction is harmless and excellent in electrophotographic characteristics inclusive of durability and surface hardness.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a developer such as a toner and/or carrier for use in electrophotographic developing processes, and more specifically relates to a developer containing halogenated amorphous carbon particles prepared by plasma-polymerization, wherein the particles may take two forms, i.e., one with seed particles which is coated with the plasma-polymerized film containing at least carbon and halogen or the other without the seed particles which is formed by plasma-reacting carbon and halogen.

Abstract: The disclosure discloses a photosensitive member comprising an electrically conductive substrate, an organic photoconductive layer comprising an organic material as a matrix, and an overcoat layer comprising an amorphous carbon as a matrix and formed on said organic photoconductive layer. Said overcoat layer comprises a first overcoat layer containing fluorine atoms in an amount of about 5 atomic % or more and a second overcoat layer formed on said first overcoat layer and containing fluorine atoms in an amount of less than about 5 atomic %. Said overcoat layer has a thickness of about 0.01 to about 4.0 microns and said second overcoat layer has a thickness of about 10 to about 400 angstroms.The disclosure also discloses a process for manufacturing the above-mentioned photosensitive member.